AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
• To promote the Himachal Pradesh at the international level.
• To describe the Himachal Pradesh culture and mouth watering Himachal Pradesh food.
• To maintain the Environment of Himachal Pradesh.
• To attract the tourist and Himachal who go away from their culture and religion.
• To increase the development rate by tourism industry.
• To establish Himachal Pradesh as a leading tourist destination in the country and abroad
• To make tourism a prime engine for economic development.
• Prosperity of the State and as a major means for providing employment.
• To encourage a strong and sustainable private sector participation in creation of tourism infrastructure especially through public private partnerships.
• To promote sustainable tourism, which is not only environmentally compatible but also leads to economic betterment of the rural people.
• To attract quality tourist and to increase their stay in the State.
• To safeguard the State’s natural and manmade heritage .
• To encourage civil societies & non-governmental organizations for promotion & the conducting of tourism related activities.
9
• To position Himachal Pradesh as a one stop destination for adventure tourism.
INTERODUCTION OF TOPIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TRAVEL AND TOURISM
• Though the words Travel and Tourism are synonymies and used interchangeably but Tourism is a wider concept and encompasses a lot more than travel alone.
• Travel implies journeys undertaken from one place to another for any purpose including journeys to work and as a part of employment, as a part of leisure and to take up residence
• whereas Tourism includes the journey to a destination and also the stay at a destination outside one’s usual place of residence and the activities undertaken for leisure and recreation.
• All tourism includes some travel, but not all travel is tourism .
• A person may often travel for a wide variety of purposes of which tourism is only one.
HIMACHAL PRADESH INTRODUCTION
Himachal Pradesh is a captivating region of the Indian Himalayas. It is often referred to as the "Magical Showcase of Nature's Splendor" ideal the Travelers
to travel, enjoy and relax. Abundant green Grassland and wide valleys set against imposing snow-clad mountains; crystal clear lakes, flowing rivers & spurting streams; fruit laden groves and soft terraces of corn and tea are characteristics of Himachal Pradesh. It is the
ultimate Travel destination of India. The state of Himachal
Pradesh has boundaries with the Jammu and Kashmir in
the North, Uttar Pradesh in the Southeast, Haryana in the South and Punjab in the West. It is located between 30"22' and 30"12' north latitude and between 75"47' and 79"4' east longitude.The mountainous state has altitudes ranging from 350 to 7000 meters (1050 ft. to
21000 ft.) above the sea level. The mountain state of Himachal Pradesh, in the beginning, was formed as a centrally administered territory on April 15, 1948 by the consolidation of
30 hill provinces of Punjab. It became a Part C State under a Lieutenant Governor, with a Legislative Assembly of 36 members and a Cabinet of three ministers in 1951. In 1954, Bilaspur, anotherPart C State, was integrated with Himachal Pradesh and the strength of the Assembly was raised to 41 members. In 1956, the States Re-organization Commission recommended the unification of Himachal Pradesh with Punjab. But the people of
Himachal Pradesh opposed and the proposal was overruled Till October 1966,
11
Himachal Pradesh comprised only of six hill districts of Mahasu, Mandi, Chamba, Sirmaur, Bilaspur and Kinnaur. In November 1966, it was expanded with the inclusion of some of the hilly towns of Punjab like Shimla, Kangra, Kullu, Lahaul, Spiti, Nalagarh tehsil of Ambala district, and areas of Hoshiarpur and Gurdaspur districts. Himachal Pradesh was formed into
10 districts and was declared a state on January 25, 1971, with Shimla as its capital. The 12 districts of Bilaspur, Chamba, Hamirpur, Kangra, Kinnaur, Kullu, Lahaul & Spiti, Mandi, Shimla, Sirmaur, Solan and Una were re-organized into the districts of the state in 1972-73.
Today, Himachal Pradesh is one of the most important travel destinations in India. The high hills of Himalayas attract the travelers from all over the world. Himachal Pradesh has plenty of hill resorts, pilgrimage centers, adventure sports destinations & wildlife that attracts a wide range of tourist traffic.
Himachal Pradesh India has several travel plans for the visitors to Himachal Pradesh. We have made special
travel packages in collaboration with the leading Holiday Resorts and Hill Resorts of Himachal Pradesh. Travel to Himachal Pradesh with Himachal Pradesh India and relish the unmatched beauty of Himachal Pradesh. We also offer exciting Honeymoon Packages for the newly wed couples as well as young-at-heart married couples. Our committed team of travel professionals endeavors to give you out-of-world travel plans for Himachal Pradesh. Travel
to Himachal Pradesh and experience for yourself. 12
FACTS AND FIGURES OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
Area 55,673 sq km
Population 6,077,248
Religion Hinduism (95.89 %), Buddhists etc. Annual Rainfall 180 cm
Maximum Temperature 30°C Minimum Temperature 2°C Capital Shimla
Language Hindi, English and Himachali
Literacy Rate 77.13%
Per Capita Income Rs. 18,920 in 2000-01
Urbanization Ratio 8.7% (1991)
Best Time to Visit March to October
13
HIMACHAL PRADESH HISTORY
Ancient History:- The foothills of Himachal were inhabited by people from the Indus Valley Civilization which flourished between 2700 and 1750BC.On the fringes of this great civilization lived the original inhabitants of the land, the Kols & Mundas.
These people were variously called Dasas, Dasyus and Nishads in the Vedas.The Vedas are the oldest compositions of the Aryans
a group which came in around 1500BC from Central Asia and settled in the fertile plains of the Punjab.
In eastern Himachal, in the area that is now
Lahaul, Kinnaur & Spiti, dwelled the Chamangs
& Damanags. It was around that time that an offshoot of the Aryan race, the Khashas, entered the Himachal arena and became the new masters of the land. Another phase of migration took place with the coming of the Bhotas and Kiratas, the Mongoloids.
14
Ancient Mythology Depicts Ancient History of Himachal:- Much information about Himachal’s ancient history is given in epics like the Mahabharata and the Ramayana and other scriptures like the Vedas and the Puranas.The Mahabharata mentions the janapadas (some sort of a kingdom) of Kuluta (Kullu), Trigarta (Kangra), Kulind (Shimla hills and Sirmaur) Yugandhar (Bilaspur and Nalagarh), Gobdika (Chamba) and Audumbar.
The Rig Veda mentions the rivers which flow through Himachal. The text also talks about Shambar, the powerful king of these hills before advent of the Aryans, and his 99 strong forts in the region between the Beas and the Yamuna rivers. His war with the Aryan chief, Divodas, lasted 12 long years, wherein the latter emerged victorious. The Puranas too, mention Himachal, calling it all sorts of nice names One significant happening during the time of the great war of Mahabharata (circa 1400BC) was the founding of the Katoch monarchy of Kangra by King Susharma Chandra. This Susharma Chandra is
supposed to have sided with the Kaurava borthers in their war against the Pandavas. Kangra was probably named as Bhim Kot (fort of Bhim) after Bhima, one of the Pandavas.
The Mauryan Empire(400bc):- The vast Mauryan Empire of old (4th to 2nd BC) extended its boundaries well into Himachal. Chandragupta’s grandson, Ashoka (3rd BC), even introduced Buddhism in here and erected many stupas. One of those stupas existed in Kullu Valley, which the Chinese traveller Hiuen Tsang (630-45AD) talks about in his writings.
15
Thakurs & Ranas become powerful in the valley :- After the Mauryas, the land cameto be ruled by petty chiefs known as thakurs and ranas. Their states were small in size and boundaries constantly changing due to wars with neighbours. (of course they also never united in the face of outside invasions.) However, in Mandi and the adjoining areas of Suket (present day Sundernagar) and Kullu, these ranas and thakurs were quite powerful and retained their independence for a long time.of these principalities, Trigarta (Kangra) is known to have had great administration and reached a high level of development. It came to be regarded as the land of legendary wealth. Kuluta (Kullu) is also known to have had an organized administration under the Pal kings. Their capital was at Jagatsukh.
The Rule of Raja Maru (500–800 AD):- In 500AD, Raja Maru founded Brahmapura (present day Bharmaur) in the Chamba valley and began the long Varman dynasty Everywhere else too, kings seemed to be rising from sleep. Rajender Sen of Spiti invaded Kullu (in around 650AD), but two reigns later the Pal king recovered it. The next great king after the Mauryans to establish an empire of worth was Harshavardhana (early 7th century) Most of the small states in HP acknowledged his overall supremacy. Harsha’s capital was at Thaneshwar (now in Haryana) and later at Kannauj (in Uttar Pradesh). After the break-up o his empire there was, once again, great political upheaval. A new class called the Rajputs
came on the scene after having been vanquished by those of the plains. Some of the
kingdoms they founded were Nurpur, Jubbal, Keonthal, Baghat, Baghal, and Sirmaur.But theVarmans peacefully sat on the throne of Brahmapura one after the other for quite some time.In two successive wars with Kullu, Meru Varman (700AD) killed the Pal kings and
expanded his kingdom from the Ravi valley to as far as the present capital..
16
Rajput's kahluria clan(800-1000 ad) :- In the meantime, Harihar Chand from Bundelkhand landed in Bilaspur (circa 900AD).This marked the origin of the Kahluria clan of Rajputs. The Chands remained the ruling family of Kahlur and the credit of making it a strong state goes to Bir Chand. The Kiras, who came
from Baijnath (which was also known Kirangama or land of the Kiras) in Kangra, occupied Brahmapura for a While around 800AD, but the next Varman promptly won it back.Chamba (the present town) was made the new capital in 930AD, thanks to the whim the princess Spiti was invaded by Tibetans &
Ladakhis who overthrew the ruling Hindu Sen dynasty. The Pal rajas of Kullu lent a helping hand to the invaders and was rewarded with some villages in Spiti.
Medieval Period:- Many new states came into bein during this phase. The relatively larger states like Chamba, Kullu, Kangra and Mandi were broken into
Smaller kingdoms.Some of the new states were Guler, Siba, Datarpur, Handur & Koti. It was also during this time that India Dutch and Portuguese left their impact on the political
& ministrative setup of the various states. often it so happened that some relative of the
kings of the Delhi Sultanate or was hit by a wave of invaders from Central Asia, W. Asia & Europe. Himachal, unfortunately, was the entry point for most of them. The Pathans, Lodis, Mughals, British, the Mughals rebelled against the ruler and then sought refuge in the mountainous & hilly tracts of Himachal and Punjab. But thanks to the difficult terrain and harsh climatic conditions, the Sultanate kings and the Mughals could never really establish their authority over the kingdoms in Himachal. However, some places like Kangra did catch the Mughals’ keen eye.
17
Period of foreign invadors (1000-1400 AD):- This period marked the beginning of foreign invasions. The Kangra fort was mercilessly looted by Mahmud of Ghazni in 1009 and many more such attacks followed. Muhammad Tughlaq captured the fort in 1337 while his successor, Firoz Shah Tughlaq, held his sway over it in 1351.The kingdom of Hindur (present Nalagarh) was founded as an off shoot of Kahlur (Bilaspur) by Ajai Chand in the
12th century. Among the other major happenings was the invasion of Lahaul, Spiti and Kullu by Lahchen-rgyalpo of West Tibet/Ladakh between 1030-1080. Bahu Sen (from Suket) settled in Manglan in Kullu, where his descendants lived for 11 generations. This was the beginning of the dynasty of the Sens of Mandi. Later Ajbar Sen became the first true king of Mandi.
Mughal influence(1500-1700 AD):-In the early 16th century Mughal influence
was beginning to be felt in Chamba and Kangra. Sadly the states were quarrelling between
themselves thus making things even more complicated for themselves.In the meantime, the
Sens of Mandi had become really strong and their kingdom big. Ajbar Sen (1527-34) became their grand ruler. But then in the mid-17th century the Kullu army ran over Mandi. Spiti, which was under Ladakh until this time, became independent in the
late 16th century when the Baltis conquered
Ladakh. But only for brief period, for the son of Jamyang Namgyal, the king of Ladakh, got it all back. Meanwhile Chamba fought with Kangra (1559), where the latter was defeated. But in a fight with Nurpur (which had Mughal support), Chamba lost. So Jagat Singh of
18
Nurpur ruled Chamba till 1641, after which Prithvi Singh liberated his motherland.
Luckily for Prithvi Singh, the Mughals stayed put and did not intervene. The Mughal armies finally barged into the Kangra fort in 1620, and Jahangir (ruled 1605-27) went visiting there two years later. But the Mughals left it at that, for they were a non-interfering lot in these hills.Kullu invaded Spiti (still under Ladakh) in 1680. Not being much into war, the people of Spiti always remained at the mercy of neighbours like Ladakh, Kullu and Bushahr. The normal course for the Spitians was to flee to the mountains whenever they were attacked! Jammu, too, started sending feelers towards the end of the 17th century. Udai Singh was the first Jammu king to make his way into Kangra and Chamba Hills. But the most important happening around this time was the rise of the Sikhs under the leadership of Guru Govind Singh. Invited by the ruler of Sirmaur to fight the Mughals they settled in Paonta Sahib and visited Mandi too.
Sansar chand become A powerful ruler(1700-1800 AD):- The hill rulers continued warring well into this period. Sansar Chand (of the famed Katoch dynasty) of Kangra became a mighty figure in the latter half of the 18th century. He went around plundering
and pillaging many places including Mandi, Chamba, Kullu and Sirmaur. For all his martial ways, Sansar was also a great art lover (see Arts & Crafts of Himachal). Parallel happenings included declaration of independence by many nawabs, rajas and kings all over India. The Gurkhas (under Prithvi Narayan Shah), Sikhs (under Ranjit Singh in Punjab) and the East India Company (under Richard Colley Wellesley) were becoming increasingly powerful. The Gurkhas now invaded Kangra, capturing some of the territories under Sansar, who
went into hiding in his fort and stayed there for four years until Ranjit Singh came to his aid. Ranjit Singh defeated Amar Singh Thapa and the poor Gurkhas had to turn their attention to Bushahr and Rampur.. 19
Modern period:- The British were now making their presence felt. While all the hill states fought amongst each other, they coolly walked off with the cake. The forces of the East India Company didn’t believe in sparing the rod.
After 1800:- Following the rise of Gurkha power, an Anglo-Gurkha war became in- evitable and things came to a head in 1814-15. Opportunists of the first order, small-time
rajas helped the Brits during the war, no doubt
hoping to reap benefits later. The ruler of Bushahr, who helped the British, was duly re- warded with land. As a result of this enterprise
21 hill states came under the British. Meanwhile, the Sikhs were becoming really puissant
even though Ranjit Singh had died by now. They plundered and looted many places in Himachal including Spiti in 1841. The Gurkhas now appealed to the British for protection against the Sikhs, which the British readily agreed to – the Anglo-Sikh war took place in
1845. The Treaty of Lahore (1846) was signed between the British and Sikhs, by which the British retained the territory between the Ravi an the Sutlej (practically the whole of Himachal), and gave the west of the Ravi to the Jammu king. The rulers of Kangra state and some other small states combined with the Sikhs against the British in 1848 but were
crushed ruthlessly.
20
Uprising of 1857 revolt :- The Uprising of 1857 came and went but no echoes were felt in the hills. Many hills states even sided with the British. However some Gurkha and Rajput battalions at Jutog (near Shimla) did rise against their British officers but were soon disarmed.But some hill people did revolt against the slavery and feudalism under the reign of the kings. The people of Rampur revolted (1859) against the high handedness of the government officials and forced labour.In Suket too, the people revolted against the king in
1862 and 1876. The people of Nalagarh were up in arms against the atrocities unleashed by
the minister (1876). Similar incidentstook place in Bilaspur and Beghal too. But these isolated attempts failed to awaken the masses. Nevertheless, they inspired some of the more politically conscious minds in the hills to become associated with the Indian National Congress and with other revolutionary organizations like the Gadar Party (gadar means revolution).This struggle between subjects and rulers had only one winner – the British. The East India Company took advantage of this continuous fighting and successfully planted Their Residents in most of the hill states backed by an efficient and strong army.
So by the end of it all, the British either had the hill states fully to themselves, or had
planted their agents – or ‘Residents’ as they were called – in them. This dual system of direct and indirect control continued until Independence.When India gained Independence, the collective Punjab hill states were integrated into a single, centrally administered unit Under the charge of a chief commissioner.A name was given to this unit – Himachal Pradesh. In 1954, Bilaspur was added, and in 1966, the rest of what we now know as Himachal Pradesh was merged into ‘The Mountain State’. In 1971, HP was granted statehood, and became the 18th state of the Indian Republic.
21
MODERN HIMACHAL TRIP
Government & Politics:- Himachal Pradesh has 12 administrative districts and three divisions. The divisions are Shimla, Mandi and Dharamsala, while the districts are Sirmaur, Solan, Shimla, Kinnaur, Bilaspur, Mandi, Kullu, Lahaul and Spiti, Kangra, Una, Hamirpur and Chamba. Himachal was granted full statehood in 1971.
Following the Chinese takeover of Tibet McLeodganj in
Dharamsala Has been the capital of the Tibetan Government in Exile. HP has asingle-chamber legislative assembly with
68 seats.The state sends seven members to the Indian National Parliament three to Rajya Sabha (Upper House) and four to Lok Sabha (Lower House). The Bharatiya Janta Party came to power in 1998 under the leadership of Prem Kumar Dhumal who is the present Chief Minister.
Agriculture:- The economy of HP is predominantly agricultural. Due to a wide range of agro-climatic and topographical conditions ranging from flat lands in the lower hills to the cold deserts, many different crops are
grown here. Rice and wheat in the lower valleys; tomatoes and other vegetables in the
middle hills; apples, plums and other fruits in the higher regions and dry fruit and potatoes in the cold deserts.
22
Tea, ginger and mushrooms are some of the important cash crops. Due to the difficult terrain, barely 11% of the total geographical area is under cultivation.To gain more cultivable land, terrace farming is commonly practiced. At higher elevations, farming is often supplemented by the raising of livestock.Wild olives that were once cultivated rather hap-hazardly are now being planted with the necessary know-how from Italy. The middle height districts like Mandi and Kullu are ideal for this and the state is now hoping to increase its share of olive oil in the world market to 5 million tons.
Forest Produce:- As stated earlier the state has a large forest cover that can be ideal for a trip in Himachal Pradesh. Though there’s a ban on felling trees, HP Forest Corporation extracts commercial timber from dry, fallen and damaged trees.
The Rare Chenopod:- Today there are about 20 crops that feed the human population But our ancestors had real Variety they had some 3000 species to choose from! Need
-less to say, most of them have been lost in the world of
hybrids.The Chenopod grain is one such forgotten old crop which is still grown in certain parts of Himachal like Kullu,
Shimla, Kinnaur, Mandi and Chamba. Locally called bathu, it is extremely rich in protein. It is used to make roti (a kind of bread), porridge, subzi (a dish of vegetables) and even a fermented drink called thara or ghanti.
23
Other material gains from the forest are resin (from chir pine tree); kattha (which gives that red stain while chewing paan or betel leaf) from the wood and root of the Khair tree (Acacia catechu); chilgoza (pine nut or Sultanas); medicinal herbs like Dioscorea (oil of deodar) and blue pine; cane and bamboo. Deforestation and the resulting soil erosion are now being combated with several reforestation programs.
Horticulture:- Luscious fruit-laden orchards are a
Delightful sight in the valleys of Himachal. The
town of Pawanoo has the largest fruit processing plant in Asia. The hills grow sub-tropical fruit like mango, litchi (a juicy berry), guava and citrus fruit; stone fruit like peach, plum, apricot, pear and pomegranate; temperate fruit like cherry, walnut and chestnut; and dry fruit like chilgoza (pine nut or sultanas), almond and grape raisin. And most important of all, many varieties of apple.
Industry:- Due to the persistent effort of the state government, a broad-based industrial structure has slowly developed in the state. There is small-scale mining of slate, gypsum
, limestone, barite, dolomite, and pyrite. The main industries include iron foundries, resin
and turpentine factories, fertilizer plants, breweries and electronics plants. Woollen garments and handicrafts make up the main small-scale industry. In fact, the annual turnover from the shawl industry alone is estimated at around six crores rupees! Spinning and weaving of wool (which is locally produced) is mainly a winter occupation when there is time to spare from the fields. 24
Hydroelectricity:- Himachal Pradesh abounds in rivers, lakes and glaciers and is therefore extremely rich in water. A number of hydel projects have been constructed on the Satluj, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Yamuna basins. Some of the more important are the Bhakra Project, the Kot Dam Project, the Beas Satluj Link Project, the Beas Power Project and the Pong Dam.
Tourism:- Well, this is where HP is far, far ahead of other states in India. Its great natural splendour explains why tourists should make a trip to this destination. Apart from good hotels and transportation, there are excellent facilities for adventure sports like trekking,
rock climbing, skiing, heli-skiing, river rafting and kayaking which attract enthusiasts from
all over the globe. Some of the important tourist centres are Shimla, Solan, Chail, Renuka, Kalpa, Nako, Sangla, Kullu, Manali, Baijnath, Dharamsala, Kangra, Palampur, Dalhousie, Khajjiar and Chamba.
Communications:- Roads are the most important transport link in a hilly and
mountainous state like HP. The state road network consists of four national highways and is constantly being extended. Kalka (in Haryana) and Pathankot (in Punjab) are the two
nearest railway stations on the broad gauge network, if you are trying to reach Himachal. There are two exciting toy train routes, though: Pathankot-Palampur-Jogindernagar and Kalka-Solan-Shimla. The three airports in the state are at Shimla, Kullu and Kangra (closed these days) while two are coming up at Spiti and Banikhet STD and ISD facilities are available in most places, even small. The Internet too is making its presence felt at an amazing speed. There are cybercafés in Shimla, Manali and McLeodganj. Surprisingly, notwithstanding the hilly terrain, radio has penetrated to the remotest corners of the state (100% as against the national average of 96.89%). 25
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Indian Independence, a Union Territory of Hill states was created. It primarily constituted of hill states around Shimla. Himachal Pradesh became a full fledged state of the Republic of India on January 25,
1971. Himachal means 'Land of Snow' in Hindi. The physiographic of Himachal Pradesh is portrayed with an intricate mosaic of hills, valleys, fast flowing & turbulent rivers and soaring high mountains covered with snow. And like three circles bound together by high ranges, narrow passes, fast flowing rivers and a rich cultural tradition, the tracts of Kinnaur, Spiti and
Lahaul seems to hold the essence of the 2500 km long Himalayas. Traditionally the region has strong ties with neighboring Tibet and there are marked cultural and religious similarities. Tucked away in mountain folds for centuries, this is one pocket of the world that has both charm and mystery. Kinnaur, Spiti and Lahaul offers a touch of exotica and more than just a dash of adventure. Himachal Pradesh is one of the most popular tourist destination in the India. You may be looking for a break from your hectic life and a communion with nature or exploring India's cultural diversity, you may be seeking the spiritual upliftment of a pilgrimage or the thrills and excitement of adventure sports - Himachal has it all. And what is more, the State has a well developed infrastructure and is easily accessible as well.Rising from the plains of the Punjab in the south, Himachal
is a series of valleys, notably the verdant Kullu, Kangra and Chamba valleys which lie near the heart of the State, and the barren, high altitude Lahaul and Spiti valleys in the north.
26
Each of these has its own distinctive character and appeal. Five mountain ranges run through the State - the Shivalik, the Pir Panjal, the Dhauladhar, The Great Himalayan and the
Zanskar ranges. (The last extends into Ladakh in neighbouring Jammu & Kashmir.) And
four of the five rivers after which Punjab gets its name (Chenab,Ravi, Beas and Sutlej) originate in these ranges and flow through the land.The heritage culture and traditions of the Himachal Pradesh are as fascinating and diverse as the landscape. And these can be seen in the rich variety of customs, rituals, clothes and handicrafts. The most fascinating are the unusual customs of the Kinnauras who live in the eastern district, Kinnaur. These are acurious mix of the Buddhist practices followed in Lahaul & Spiti and the hindu traditions in the rest of the State. At all important social functions the hereditary oracle of the local deity recites the mythology through the oral tradition of the 'chirong‘.The popular folk dance
'naati' (or 'natti') of Kullu forms a part of all celebrations. Though earlier it used to be performed only by men dressed in their
traditional, swirling tunics,'churidars' (pyjamas
that resemble jodhpurs) and decorated caps, accompanied by four to eight musicians, now
women join in too. There are thirteen variations of
the dance depending on the tempo. Other colourful folk dances include the 'karthi'
harvest
dance of Kullu, the exhilarating 'birsu' and
'ghugti‘from the upper Shimla hills, and the
'kayang' and 'bakayang' from Kinnaur. The
isolation imposed by the mountainous terrain of Himachal has permitted its people to develop their own unique tradition of handicrafts. These include the extremely ornate and beautiful silver jewellery worn by the women; richly embroidered scarves, footwear and caps; leather embroidery; beautifully patterned rugs and carpets; and woollen blankets and shawls of varying degrees of fineness. 27
INFORMATION ON HIMACHAL LAND
My beautiful land of Himachal:- My beautiful land of Himachal With it high mountain peaks Abundant herb and plants The meandering river
Sutlej, The Chamba palaces, and the Pahari folk song
Climate:- Himachal Pradesh experiences a wide variation in climatic conditions. There are areas
that receive very heavy rainfall (in the foothills) and those that are cold and almost rainless (the deserts
of Lahaul, Spiti and Puh). Summer lasts from mid-
April to end-June and most parts become very hot (except in places over 3,000m which experience mild summer) with the average maximum temperature ranging from 28C to
32C. Winter,from late November to mid-March, is the longest and severest season. Snowfall is very common in tracts above 2,200 m with the mercury remaining below freezing point in the Higher and Trans-Himalayas. Autumn is the best season here when the skies are bright and sunny during the day and clear and starry at night.
Culture:- About 90% of the population of Himachal Pradesh is Hindus. There main communities are Brahmins, Rajputs, Kannets, Rathis and Kolis. The tribal population of the state comprise of the Gaddis, Kinnars, Gujjars, Pangawals and Lahaulis. The Gaddis are the traditional shepherds who migrate from the alpine pastures to the lower regions during the winters.
The Kinnars are the inhabitants of the Kinnaur region and practiced polyandry and polygamy. The Gujjars are nomads who rear buffalo herds. The Pangawals of the Pangi region of the Chamba district are both low and high caste Hindus. The Lahaulis of Lahaul and Spiti region are mainly Buddhists.
The Hills:- More than 2400km long and some 160km wide, the Himalayas are the greatest physical feature on earth.
and Himachal Pradesh is a generous section of this huge
formation. The name itself is descriptive of its characteristics Himachal being an ancient Sanskrit compound of hima (snow) and achal (that which cannot be moved) and thus simply means ‘the Mountain State’.Himachal Pradesh is
a complex mosaic of hills, lush valleys and snow-clad peaks. It straddles the Himalayas from the foothills, over
peaks, to the valleys of Lahaul and Spiti. The prominent ranges which curve across the state are the Shiwaliks, Pir Panjal, Pangi, Zaskar and Dhauladhar. The highest peaks are Shilla (7,026m), Manerang (6,597m) and Shipki (6,608m). The hills rise gradually from the south to the north of the state – the outer Himalaya or Shiwaliks, the Lower or Lesser Himalaya, the Main or Great Himalaya and Trans or Tibetan Himalaya. The dun type valleys like Kiarda dun, the Kangra valley and Chakki dun are home to rich deep alluvial soils as they
29
are drained by rivers and streams which have deposited rich sediments into the valley bottom. The Inner Himalayas have thin bare soils that usually go with high mountains,
while the valleys of Lahaul and Spiti have nothing but cold desert-like soil. Drang in Mandi has the country’s only rock salt mines and is thus prey to heavy quarrying. So are hills in Sirmaur, Mandi, Solan and Bilaspur districts – they yield limestone, dolomite and marble. Landslides are not uncommon in the monsoons, so it’s best not to venture out far during the rains without a local guide.
Climb Every Mountain:- The Himalayas offer information on some of the most thrilling and challenging mountaineering opportunities in the world. The Mountaineering Institute at Manali with regional centres at Dharamsala, Bharmour and Jispa, organizes expeditions every year and offers adventure courses as well. Patalsu and Sitidhar are among the easier peaks in the Manali region while other popular climbs are to Deo Tibba, Moulkila, Hanuman Tibba, Centre Peak and Indresen. Some of the most vibrant tracks in India run through the passes and valleys of Himachal. In fact, trekking is one of the best ways to explore Himachal. The best terrain for trekking lies
between the gentle Shiwaliks and the tough upper reaches of the Greater Himalayas. Some
of the popular treks are from Manali to Beas Kund, from Manali to Bhrigu Lake and from
Dalhousie to Khajjiar.
30
If you’re more intrepid you could try your legs at Chandra Tal, cross the Baralacha La to Keylong, theRohtang Pass from Manali, or the Dhauladhar and Pir Panjal ranges to Lahaul and Kullu.July to September are ideal months for trekking in Lahaul and Bharmour, while in Narkanda, Manali and Kangra regions it is done between April and November.
The Valleys :- Much of HP can be easily divided according to its many lovely valleys. Lahaul and Spiti stretch from the Chandra Valley in the north
-west to the Lingti Valley along the Spiti River. The Chamba and Kangra vales lie on either side
of the mighty Dhauladhars, while the remote Pattan Valley is separated from Chamba by the Pir Panjal. Kullu Valley stretches from Mandi to Manali, and the Parbati Valley obviously follows the Parbati River. The Malana Valley is quite an interesting
place, supposed to be the oldest democracy in the world. The valleys with their charming little hamlets and fields full of grain are a sight to behold. It is believed that the beautiful Kullu valley was once a lake, formed when the Beas was temporarily blocked by jolts in the mountains. Later when the natural dam burst, the lake waters drained away and the present
day valley came into being.Large terraces are found on either side of the river in the valley.
But nothing can beat theruf’n’tuf formations along the banks of the Chandra River which came into being thanks to glacial action and wind erosion.
It has been said of the Chandra River that "…No villages adorn its banks, no attempts at cultivation, no human life are met with and nothing greetsthe eye but the never ending monotonous cliffs which are lopped by the fierce stream as it rushes in wild fury against its banks.“
Fly or Ski :- Information on Himachal offers some of the best skiing and paragliding opportunities in the world. Come winter and most of the skiing slopes in Solang Nullah, Kufri and Narkanda are dotted with skiers trying their luck. A recent-day development, heli-skiing is fast becoming popular too. The Mountaineering Institute at Manali organizes
skiing courses from January onwards, while the Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation does so simultaneously at Narkanda. As for hang and para gliding, check out Billing in Kangra valley. It hosts India’s only international hang gliding festival. The perfect time for you to gliding would be in March-April or mid-August-November, when equipment is easily available.
32
Glaciers, Rivers & Lakes:- The many glaciers above the snow line feed the fast flowin rivers of Himachal Pradesh. In fact, the whole of the Himalayas is like one mammoth reservoir of snow. The Beas Kund glacier near the famous Rohtang pass in Kullu is the mother of the Beas. The other biggies are the Bara Shigri, the largest glacier in Lahaul valley, the Bhadal Glacier, the Bhaga Glacier and the Chandra Glacier. Alpine pastures spring up around them in summer turning the place into a picnic spot for migratory graziers. Life moves at a gentle pace in Himachal, but not the rivers; they are always in great hurry In the furrows between the many ranges rush the perennial rivers that drain the snow slopes off the
crests. The major rivers criss-crossing the roughly square Himachal are Beas, Chenab, Spiti, Sutlej, Ravi
and Yamuna. The Satluj is unique, the only river in HP to rise from beyond the Himalayas. It begins as the outflow from the sacred lake of Rakas Tal insouthern Tibet, and enters Himachal through a notch in the Zaskar Range at Shipki. Then,showing scant respect for the impeding rocks, it chooses a direct course, carving out anawesome gorge for itself. This is Kinnaur, a trans-Himalayan conduit for culture and wildlife. Each of the rivers in turn has numerous tributaries. Most of these join the Indus River system which flows into the
Arabian Sea. The Bhakra Dam on the Sutlej has created Govind Sagar, the largest lake in the region.Come monsoon and numerous waterfalls and gurgling streams gush out from every nook and corner of the land. 33
Apart from these dancing brooks, there are hot water sulphur
springs at Manikaran and Vashist which are a balm for tired limbs. Himachal Pradesh is also known for its pretty-as-a-picture lakes. The Bhagsunath Lake is perched high up on the Dhauladhar range and is surrounded by oaks and conifers. But sadly, even this is not high enough to elude pollution’s spidery arms. The same applies to the Renuka Lake in Sirmaur and Khajjiar near Dalhousie. The unfortunate condition of these lakes is largely due to the tourist traffic including trekkers and pilgrims. But some lakes like the Chandra
Tal (in a large glacial depression in the Lahaul valley) and Manimahesh (with the towering
Manimahesh Kailash peak as a backdrop) bring cheer with their crystal clear waters.
Whitewater Fever:- If the blood in your veins urges you to leap into the sometimes-tricky Himachal rivers, go rafting. Or kayaking. Rafting mania comes to roost in October and tarries till late April with a break in January when the water is simply too cold. The Beas, Spiti, Chandrabhaga (or Chenab) and Satluj have spectacular rapids but hey, this is no ride for the lily-livered. For those who prefer safe and more sedentary sports, angling or fishing is a good option. Trout can be found in the Beas near Manali as well as in the Pabbar River at Rohru. Mahseer (a large freshwater fish) can be hooked at Govind Sagar, Nadaun,
Aut and the Pong Dam. But don’t even dream of going fishing without a license from the tourist department in the district.
34
Flora & Fauna:- Himachal is a land of jade forests and fresh air. As much as 68% of the land area is covered with jungles. While the foothills and valleys are a refreshing green, the areas above the snow line are almost bare. The southernmost tracts are dominated by sal (Shorea robusta), sisham, chir pine, dry deciduous and moist broad-leafed forests. The temperate region above this grows oaks, deodar, blue pine, fir and spruce. In the uppermost climes, trees are sturdy with a vast network of roots (to help them tide over the weeks of burial under heavy snow). You’ll mostly find alders, birches, rhododendrons and moist alpine scrubs in the name of vegetation. The tough rhododendron, by the way, is an
amazing plant and of terrific importance in the ecological chain. By attracting insects, which in turn attract birds, it forms a major link in high altitude ecosystems. The rhododendrons you see along the hillsides around Shimla from March to May are breathtakingly beautiful.Himachal is the fruit bowl of the country with orchards scattered all over the
place. Meadows and pastures are often seen clinging to the dangerously steep slopes. After the winter snow thaws, the hillsides and orchards bloom with wild flowers, while gladiolas, carnations, marigolds, roses, chrysanthemums, tulips, lilies and other flowers are carefully cultivated. The state government is gearing up to make Himachal the flower basket of the
world.From thick sub-tropical forests to the dry alpine vegetation, Himachal home to a wide
variety of animals. This includes the leopard, which is the most widely distributed mammal in the entire state, the snow leopard, ghoral (goat-like stout animal), musk deer which is the state animal and monal (a pretty bird in nine iridescent colours), the state bird. HP has 11 major national parks and sanctuaries – the largest number in the Himalayan region. The Great Himalayan National Park in Kullu – the first in the state – was created to conserve the flora and fauna of the main Himalayan range, while the Pin Valley National Park to
conserve the flora and fauna of the cold desert.
35
HIMACHAL PRADESH DANCES
The people of Himachal Pradesh are known for their love of colors and festivities. Forming a part of these festivities are folk dances of the state, with themes revolving around the scenes from the mythological epics such as Ramayana and Mahabharata. Folklores and chivalry tales of the local heroes and religious deities are some other themes on which the traditional dances of Himachal Pradesh are based. Though there are a number of dance forms popular in the state, but Chham Dance or 'Dance of Devils', performed in Lahaul, Spiti and Kinnaur, counts amongst the favorites of the tourists.
Chham Dance:- Chham dance is splendid dance performed by the Buddhist monks, known as Lamas, in the courtyard of monasteries during religious and other festivals, as a part of the celebrations. The dance is known for the elaborate mask, headgear and Costume of the performers and is very popular in Tibetan settlement areas of Himachal Pradesh, such as Lahaul & Spiti, Ladakh and Kinnaur.
Thoda Dance:- In the past, Thoda dance was performed as a ritual before the battle. The performance and the quick movements seem to simulate the incidents seen during a real battle.
Kullu Nati:- One of the most famous dances of the Kullu Valley, Kullu Nati is performed during festivals and fairs, especially Dussehra.Dancers clad in traditional dresses dance
along with the procession, on the tunes of musical instruments such as Narsingha, Karnal,
Shehnai, Dhol and Nagara.Earlier, Natti was performed for several hours and continued till dancers and orchestra got exhausted. The duration of the dance has been curtailed now.
Lahauli Dance:- Lahauli dance is performed on the tunes of the musical instruments of Ladakh, known as Surna and Damman. The steps are simple but graceful. For instance, dancers move in a circular pattern after interlocking their
hands. They usually wear long gowns with embroidered borders, matching jackets and ornaments made of beads and stones.
Losar Shona Chuksam:- Losar Shona Chuksam is the folk dance performed in the Kinnaur region, known for its love of music and dance. The dance has been named after The festival 'Losar' or New Year. Dhol, bronze cymbals known as Bugjal, Karnal and Ransingha are the musical instruments on which the dance is based.
Nati Dance:- The popular dance form of Nati is performed on a particular rhythm and beat, which differs from region to region. The popular forms of Nati are Gaddi Nati, Kullu Nati, Kinnauri Nati, Sirmouri Nati and Shimla Nati. All the forms of Nati have unique costumes, ornaments, songs and instrumental music.
37
HIMACHAL PRADESH FAIRS
The colorful fairs of Himachal Pradesh reflect its rich traditional and cultural heritage. Mid- February sees a weeklong Winter Sports Festival at Manali. It is around this time only that Una fair, known as the Baba Barbhang Singh Mela, is organized in the honor of the saint
'Baba Barbhang Singh'. Come summer season and it is the time for the 'Summer Festival' of Shimla, which offers flower show, exhibitions, unique fashion shows, etc. Harvest fairs of Himachal Pradesh, such as Lavi Fair of Rampur and Minjar Fair of Chamba are also quite popular amongst tourists.
Minjar Mela:- Minjar Mela is celebrated as a commemoration of the victory of the
Raja of Chamba over the ruler of Trigarta
(now known as Kangra), in 935 AD. It is said that on the return of their victorious king, people greeted him with sherfs
of paddy and maize, as gift to symbolize prosperity and happiness.
38
Lavi Fair:- Lavi Fair of Himachal Pradesh is organized annually in Rampur, on the banks of River Satluj. It is held in the month of November and has already attained international fame and renown. Lavi once served as a major trading center and the stopover point on the old trade routes that led to Kinnaur, Tibet, Ladakh and Afghanistan.
Winter Carnival:- Winter Carnival of Manali is one of the two winter fairs organized in Himachal Pradesh, with the other being the one in Shimla. It is organized in the month of February, when there is lot of snow and ice covering the slopes of Himachal hills. People coming to the carnival can opt for winter sports organized at snow-capped Rohtang range and ski slopes of Solang valley.
HIMACHAL PRADESH FESTIVALS
The people of Himachal Pradesh love to feast, dance and celebrate everyday of their lives. The numerous fairs and festivals of the state and their elaborate rituals and traditions provide them the perfect opportunities to do so. The customs, costumes, music and dances
of these festivals tell us much about the religious fervor, spirituality and gaiety of its natives. Some of the major festivals of Himachal Pradesh include Lohri or Maghi Festival, Losar Festival, Halda Festival, Basant Panchami, Dusshera.
Halda Festival:- Halda Festival is celebrated in the Lahaul district of Himachal Pradesh to usher
in the New Year. The festival falls in the month of January and stretches on for a period of two days. It is dedicated to 'Shashikar Apa', the Goddess of Wealth in the Lamaistic Pantheon.
International Himalayan Festival:- International Himalayan Festival is celebrated in the Kangra District of Himachal, in the month of December. The festival is organized as a Commemoration of the event when the Nobel Peace prize was awarded to His Holiness The Dalai Lama in 1985.
40
Losar Festival :- Losar is the New Year festival of Tibetans, celebrated mainly in the Lahaul district of Himachal Pradesh. It marks the beginning of the winter season in the valley and is celebrated during the first month of Tibetan calendar, which usually falls somewhere around mid-November to first week of December.
Phulaich Festival :- Phulaich Festival is celebrated in the month of September in the Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh. It is also known as Ookayand Festival and Ukyam Festival. The term 'Oo' means 'flowers' while 'Kayang' means 'festival'. Thus, Phulaich is a
'festival of flowers'.
Summer Festival :-People from the plains of Northern India rush to Himachal Pradesh in Summers, to escape the heat of the harsh sun. It is during this time that a variety of Programs, cultural and folk performances and tourism fairs are organized by the
Government of Himachal Pradesh.
ABOUT THE TOURISM
Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. The number of tourists worldwide has been registering phenomenal growth and it is ex- pected that this number would shortly touch 1.5 billion. Tourism contributes about 11% of the world workforce and 10.2% of the global gross domestic product. The dynamic growth of this
industry is evident from the fact a new job is added to the sector every 2.5 second. This pattern and dynamic character of the Sector necessitates the policy to adapt to the changing environment. Policiesare products of time and circumstances, available resources and technologies and most importantly, the needs of the stakeholders. This Policy document aims to provide clear direction for the development of tourism in the State. Himachal Pradesh is already a well-established and recognized tourist destination. It seeks to harness the fullest potential of the State for Development of tourism, which in turn can be a prime engine for economic growth and prosperity of the State, besides effectively addressing the problems of unemployment and poverty. This document is a result of wide range of consultations within and outside the Government, including the industry, tourism unit
operators and other stakeholders. Besides outlining the policy, the document also lists out
42
the strategy for implementation, as also specific action plans to implement the policy.
Nature has bestowed Himachal Pradesh with unique beauty and splendour with its lush green valleys, snow covered Himalayan ranges, a serene, peaceful, hospitable and comfortable environment. smiling people 13and a rich cultural heritage - which tourists would be hard put to findelsewhere. Being in the lap or Himalayas this fact becomes its natural and unique USP withglobal appeal. The outer fringe of Himachal is formed by the Shiwalik hills, which are characterised by shallow valleys and dense scrub forests. The mid ranges have the majestic Himalayan cedar and the spruces-followed by alpine meadows that intersperse themselves with the snow clad peaks of the Greater Himalaya. Tourism, as we understand it today, in Himachal Pradesh, Received recognition only in the 19th century, when the British established their chain of hill stations. Earlier, Himachal had been a destination for pilgrims only.
A fillip to tourism was administered when British declared Shimla as summer capital of India in 1864. Post independence and up -gradation as fledged State in the year 1971 led to more investment in the infrastructure sector leading to opening up of the state However the biggest explosion in tourism occurred in the mid 80s and
90s with the Kashmir problem when the number of hotels and hotel rooms increased within this period from 350
to present 1710 and 6300 to 36000 respectively with its concomitant chaos and haphazard growth which the State
would have done well without. With the wisdom of hind sight the State is now more equipped to deal with the problems of yesteryears and this document attempts to address those very problems. During the year 2004, the tourist arrivals in the state were 6.5 million
43
which is roughly equivalent to the population of the State.( 2.04 lacswere 14 foreigners).
In terms of numbers therefore the State has done more than expected. The challenge now is to attract quality tourists and increase the stay of the tourists in the State .We also need to think globally as even the domestic tourists today have a choice unlike in the past.
By focussing on quality tourist the State Government also aims at promoting sustainable tourism and encouraging the private sector to develop tourism related infrastructure in the State – without disturbing the existing ecology and environment.
In order to increase the duration of the stay of the visitors/tourists, a special emphasis is being placed on the development of activity-based tourism and opening up new sub destinations. To promote tourism in the countryside and to lesser-known areas, appropriate infrastructure will be developed within available resources. Himachal was earlier known only for the summer season. Efforts are being made to break the seasonality factor and
tourism products have been diversified to attract the tourists in other seasons too. Now
Himachal is known as “A Destination for All Seasons and All Reasons.” Tourism contributes nearly 8% of the State Domestic Product which is roughly the same as horticulture sector. With careful planning and infrastructural development, the Policy proposes to increase it to 15% by the year 2020.The position with respect to some of the other economies is as follow:
44
Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation has divided the State into four interesting circuits. These circuits pass through different terrains making one feel as if one is trekking through ages at different times.
The Dhauladhar Circuit derives its name from the Dhauladhar peaks of Western Himalaya. It passes in the shadow of the mighty and majestic snow clad Dhauldhar ranges, which dominates the beautiful Kangra valley, dotted by flower filled meadows, temples, tea gardens and flocks of sheep.
This circuit covers Delhi - Chintpurni - Jwalamukhi - Kangra - Dalhousie - Khajjiar –
Chamba - Dharamsala - Chamunda - Palampur - Jogindernagar - Delhi.
•TOUR OPTION
•TEMPLE TOUR: Tour time is minimum 3 days, distance 215 km. Route is Jwalamukhi
- Mahakaleshwar - Chintpurni - Brajeshwari Devi - Chamundaji - Baijnath - Sujanpur –
Jwalamuhki.
•DHARAMSHALA CHAMUNDA TOUR: Tour time is minimum 2 days, distance
183 km. Route is Chamunda Devi - Brajashwari Devi - Jwalaji - Chintpurni - Dharamsala.
•MONASTIC TOUR: Tour time is minimum 1 day, distance is 120 km. Route is
Dharamsala - Mcleodganj - Sidbari (Norbolinka) - Tashijong - Bir - Dharamsala.
•HERITAGE TOUR: Tour time is minimum 1 day, distance 170 km. Route is
Dharamsala - Kangra - Masrur - Nurpur - Dharamsala.
•TEA GARDEN TOUR: Tour time is minimum 2 days, distance 200 km. Route is
Dharamsala - Palampur - Andratta - Bajinath - Joginder Nagar - Dharamsala.
•LEISURE TOUR: Tour time is minimum 2 day, distance 95 km. Route is Chamba –
Khajjiar - Dalhousie - Chamba.
•BHARMOUR TOUR: Tour time is minimum 4 days. Route is Dharamsala – Dalhousie
- Khajjiar - Chamba - Bharmour - Dharmsala.
Passing through a spectacular terrain of River Valleys, Cold Desert Mountains, High Passes, Snow Capped Peaks, Icy Lakes, Mighty Glaciers, an exotic tribal country dotted by monasteries, yaks and lamas.
This circuit covers:
Delhi - Shimla - Sarahan - Sangla - Kalpa - Nako - Tabo - Dhankar - Pin Vally - Kaza - Losar - Kunzum - Koksar - Sissu - Tandi - Udaipur - Trilokpur - Rohtang Pass - Manali - Delhi.
•TOUR OPTION
•SARAHAN - Bhaba - Karcham - Sangla - Rakchham - Chitkul - Sangla - Sarahan.
•SARAHAN - Sangla - Kalpa - Pawari - Morang - Jangi - Pooh - Nako - Sarahan.
•SARAHAN - Nako - Tabo - Dhankar - Kaza - Key - Kibber - Pooh - Sangla - Sarahan.
•KAZA - Dhankar - Pin Valley - Tabo - Kaza.
•KAZA - Kee - Kibber - Losar - Kunzum - Kaza.
•KEYLONG - Udaipur - Triloknath - Kardang - Gondla - Keylong.
•KEYLONG - Darcha - Patseo - Zingzingbar - Baralacha - Sarchu - Keylong.
•KEYLONG - Sarchu- Lachalangla - Pang - Tanglangla - Uphsi - Leh - Keylong.
The Beas Circuit derives its name from the ancient river Beas. It passes through the highly Picturesque Kullu - Mandi regions. The main attractions are the flower filled meadows, terraced fields of paddy, maize, apple orchards and the sparkling Beas river.
This circuit covers Delhi - Swarghat - Bilaspur - Mandi - Rewalsar - Kullu - Manali –
Rohtang - Naggar - Manikaran - Delhi (1335 km) (5 nights 6 days).
•TOUR OPTION
•PARVATI VALLEY TOUR: Tour time is minimum 3 days, distance about 292 km. Route is Mandi - Rewalsar - Kullu- Manikaran - Mandi.
•BEAS TOUR: Tour time is minimum 3 days, distance about 396 km. Route is Mandi - Manikaran - Kullu - Raison - Manali - Rohtang- Naggar- Mandi.
•RIVER VIEW TOUR: Tour time is minimum 3 days. Route is Manali - Vashist - Naggar - Kullu - Manikaran - Raison - Katrain - Manali.
•KULLU VALLEY TOUR: Tour time is minimum 3 days. Route is Manali - Solang - Rohtang - Pass - Vashist - Naggar - Manikaran - Raison.
•CHANDER BHAGA TOUR: Tour time is minimum 4 days. Route is Manali – Rohtang Pass - Khoksar - Sissu - Gondla - Tandi - Keylong - Udaipur - Triloknath – Keylong - Kardang - Manali.
•KUNZUM TOUR: Tour time is minimum 4 days. Route is Manali - Rohtang Pass –
Gramphu - Chhatru - Batal - Kunzum Pass - Losar - Kaza - Kee - Kibber – Manali
•MANALI LEH TOUR: The Route is Manali - Rohtang Pass - Koksar - Tandi – Keylong - Darcha - Baralacha Pass - Sarchu - Lachungla - Pang - Dabring - Tangla - La – Karu - Leh.
The Sutlej Circuit derives its name from the ancient river Sutlej. It passes through snow covered majestic Himalayas, forests of pine, oak and deodar, across stone fruit and apple orchards and through the Shiwalik foot hills.
This circuit covers Delhi - Parwanoo - Kasaul i- Barog - Solan - Chail - Hatkoti - Rampur –
Sarahan - Narkanda - Naldehra - Tattapani - Shimla - Kiarighat - Delhi. This circuit also includes Renuka, Paonta Sahib and Nahan.
TOUR OPTION
CHAIL TOUR: Tour time is minimum 3 days, distance about 250 km. Route is Delhi –
Chandigarh - Parwanoo - Kasauli - Barog - Chail - Chandigarh.
RENUKA TOUR: Tour time is minimum 2 days, distance about 295 km. Route is
Chandigarh - Paonta - Nahan - Renuka - Chandigarh.
APPLE VALLEY TOUR: Tour time is minimum 4 days, distance about 378 km. Route
is Shimla - Kharapathar - Sarahan(via Rohru, Rampur) - Narkanda - Shimla.
HERITAGE TOUR: Tour time is minimum 2 days, distance about 106 km. Route is
Shimla - Naldehra - Chail - Shimla.
PABBAR VALLEY TOUR: Tour time is minimum 5 days, distance about 502 km.
Route is Chandigarh - Renuka - Paonta - Hatkoti - Kharapathar - Shimla - Chail - Kasauli –
Chandigarh.
MONAL TOUR: Tour time is minimum 4 days, distance about 350 km. Route is Shimla
-Narkanda - Sarahan - Fagu - Shimla.
TEMPLE TOUR: Tour time is minimum 3 days, distance about 468 km. Route is Chail -
- Narkanda - Sarahan - Hatkoti - Chail.
DISTANCES FROM MAJOR CITIES
• Delhi – Manali 570 km
• Delhi – Shimla 370 km
• Delhi – Renuka 315 km
• Delhi – Dharamshala 520 km
• Delhi – Dalhousie 555 km
• Delhi – Chamba 600 km
• Delhi – Mandi 460 km
• Delhi – Rewalsar 455 km
• Delhi – Kasauli 325 km
• Delhi – Barog 325 km
• Delhi – Chail 380 km
• Shimla – Manali 260 km
• Shimla – Mandi 150 km
• Shimla – Palampur 235 km
• Shimla - Dharamshala 270 km
• Shimla – Dehradun 245 km
• Shimla – Arki 52 km
• Shimla – Nalagarh 139 km
• Manali - Rohtang Pass 51 km
• Manali – Keylong 115 km
• Manali – Leh 475 km
• ShimlaDharamshala 235 km
• Shimla – Dalhousie 336 km
• Shimla – Sarahan 175 km
• Shimla – Sangla 230 km
• Shimla – Kalpa 244 km
• Shimla – Nako 324 km
• Shimla – Tabo 374 km
• Shimla – Kaza 421 km
• Shimla – Keylong 609 km
• Shimla - Khara Pathar 85 km
• Shimla – Rohru 120 km
• Shimla – Hatkoti 109 km
• Shimla – Chirgaon 137 km
• Shimla – Kasauli 75 km
• Shimla – Renuka 165 km
• Manali – Udaipur 150 km
• Manali – Trilokinath 150 km
55
• Manali – Kaza 200 km
• Manali – Manikaran 85 km
• Manali – Palampur 200 km
• Manali – Dharamshala 235 km
• Manali – Dalhousie 385 km
• Manali – Chamba 402 km
• Manali – Pathankot 325 km
• Manali – Chandigarh 320 km
• Manali – Kasauli 275 km
• Manali – Shimla 260 km
• Manali – Mandi 110 km
• Dharamshala – Chamba 185 km
• Dharamshala – Pathankot 90 km
• Dharamshala – Chandigarh 252 km
• Dharamshala – Chintpurni 78 km
• Dharamshala – Jwalamukhi 54 km
• Dharamshala – Mandi 125 km
• Dalhousie - Chamba 56 km
• Dalhousie - Chamba 43 km
• Dalhousie – Dharamshala 143 km
• Manali – Shimla 260 km
• Manali – Mandi 110 km
• Dharamshala – Chamba 185 km
• Dharamshala – Pathankot 90 km
• Dharamshala – Chandigarh 252 km
• Dharamshala – Chintpurni 78 km
• Dharamshala – Jwalamukhi 54 km
• Dharamshala – Mandi 125 km
• Dalhousie - Chamba 56 km
• Dalhousie - Chamba 43 km
• Dalhousie – Dharamshala 143 km
• Dalhousie – Khajjiar 22 km
• Dalhousie – Palampur 176 km
• Dalhousie – Mandi 360 km
• Dalhousie – Manali 390 km
• Dalhousie – Shimla 336 km
• Dalhousie – Chandigarh 300 km
• Dalhousie – Amritsar 191 km
• Dalhousie – Jammu 190 km
• Chamba – Dharamshala 185k5m6
• Chamba –Bharamaur 65 km
• Chamba – Manimahesh 100 km
• Chamba – Pathankot 119 km
• Chamba – Shimla 378 km
• Chamba – Manali 402 km
• Pathankot – Dalhousie 80 km
• Pathankot - Chamba 190 km
• Pathankot – Dharamshala 90 km
• Pathankot – Jwalaji 122 km
• Pathankot – Chintpurni 125 km
• Pathankot – Palampur 124 km
• Pathankot – Manali 325 km
• Pathankot – Shimla 295 km
• Pathankot – Jammu 110 km
• Pathankot – Amritsar 110 km
• Pathankot – Delhi 475 km
• Pathankot – Chandigarh 238 km
• Chandigarh – Shimla 117 km
• Chandigarh – Naldehra 143 km
• Chandigarh – Chail 115 km
• Chandigarh – Renuka 123 km
• Chandigarh – Mandi 210 km
• Chandigarh – Manikaran 325 km
• Chandigarh – Manali 320 km
• Chandigarh – Jwalaji 212 km
• Chandigarh – Dharamshala 252 km
• Chandigarh – Dalhousie 318 km
• Chandigarh – Kasauli 65 km
• Chandigarh – Pragpur 175 km
• Kullu – Manali 40 km
• Kullu – Naggar 26 km
• Sangla – Kalpa 38 km
• Gaggal – Dharamshala 17 km
• Gaggal – Taragarh 54 km
• Gaggal - Pragpur 45 km
• Palampur – Billing 41 km
• Nadaun – Dharamshala 69 km
• Mandi – Barot 75 km
• Nalagarh – Pinjore 35 km
• Kuthar – Arki 37 km
• Kuthar – Kasauli 17 km
• Sujanpur – Palampur 41 km
HINDU PILGRIMAGE
Bajreshwari Temple:- In the middle of the town of Kangra is the temple dedicated to Bajreshwari Devi. Known once for its legendary wealth this temple was subject to successive depredations by invaders from the north. Destroyed completely in 1905 by an earthquake.
Baijnath Temple:- The ancient temple at
Baijnath is particularly beautiful and is 16 KMs from
Palampur. Built of stone in the 9th century AD,
in the shikhara style, it is a fine blend of sculpture and architecture.
Jwalamukhi Temple :- An eternally burning flame that issues from a hollow rock in the sanctum, is considered the manifestation of the goddess Devi. During March-April and September- October every year, colorful fairs are held during the Navratra celebration. Jwalamukhi temple is 30 km. from Kangra.
Chamunda Devi Temple:- 15 Kms
from Dharamsala and 24 Kms from Kangra is the famous temple to Chamunda Devi. It is an enchanting spot with glorious views of the mountains, the Baner Khud, Pathiar and Lahla forest
68
Lakshmi narayan temple :- The Lakshminarayan group of temples in the town of Chamba are of great archaeological importance. Six stone temples dedicated to Shiva and Vishnu with tall shikaras, finely carved, date from the 8th century AD. The Lakshminarayan Temple is the oldest in this group. Other temples around Chamba town include, those dedicated to Hari Rai, Champavati, Bansigopal, Ram Chandra, Brijeshwari, Chamunda, Narsingh, and Yogi Charpat Nath.
Chaurasi temples :- The 9th century temples at Bharmaur are among the most important early Hindu temples in the Chamba Valley. According to legend, 84 (chaurasi) yogi's visited
Bharmaur, capital of King Sahil Varma. They were so pleased with the king's humility and hospitality that they blessed him with ten sons and a daughter, Champavati. A cluster of shrines commemorates that visit. The temple square is the Centre of all activities in the little town of Bharmaur and the Lakshmi, Ganesh, Manimahesh and Narsing temples, the main shrines, are splendidly set off by the dramatic mountainscape.
Rewalsar :- Around a natural lake with a floating island are a Shiva temple-the Lomesh Rishi Temple, Guru Govind Singh's gurdwara and a Buddhist monastery founded by Guru Padmasambhava. A spot that is revered by people of three faiths
69
Shikari devi (2850 m) :- It is possible to trek up to Shikari Devi from Janjheli and Karsog . Through woods of assorted trees and shrubs - which include several medicinal herbs - two separate trek routes lead up to this ancient shrine located at the crown of the hill. Hunters in the area once prayed to the Goddess for success in their hunt - and here, perhaps, lies the origin of the name 'Shikari Devi'. The Goddess is worshipped in the form of a stone image. Interestingly, the temple which is said to have been in existence since the
time of the Pandavas, has no roof - for local legend has it, that all attempts to build one have been unsuccessful
Prashar temple :- This temple, built in the 14th century, is a shrine where the rulers of Mandi once worshipped.
The pagoda-style temple stands in the little green hollow around the Prashar lake, above the town of Pandoh.
The views of the mountains are spectacular.
Hanogi maa & koyla maa temple :- Hanogi Maa temple in on the way from Mandi to Kullu near Pandoh Koyla Maa temple near Sunder Nagar in Mandi district.
Raghunathji temple :- Built in 1651 by the Raja of Kullu, the temple has an image of
Raghunathji that was brought from Ayodhya. During the Kullu Dussehra, all the temples in the area send their deities to pay homage to Raghunathji at Kullu.
70
Bijli mahadev temple :- An unusual temple dedicated to Shiva-the Lord of lightning, is located on a height overlooking the Kullu and Parvati valleys. A 60ft staff above the temple attracts divine blessing in the form of lightning and breaks the stone linga in the sanctum.
Dhoongri temple :- This four tiered pagoda, embellished in finely carved wood, stands sheltered in grove of tall deodar at Manali. It is dedicated to
Hadimba Devi, wife of the Pandava, Bhim.
Hatkoti :- Along the River Pabbar, 109 km from Shimla, is the temple dedicated to Durga and Shiva. The gods are said to have fought a pitched battled at this spot
Baba balak nath temple :- A cave temple located in Deothsidth, in the Dhaulagiri Hills of Hamirpur, is a noted place of pilgrimage. People come here to seek the
blessing of Baba Balak Nath whose image is located in the cave. Shahtalai, 46 km from the the district headquarters of Hamirpur and accessible by road, is about 10 km from Deothsidh.
71
Bhimakali temple :- A marvelous example of hill architecture, the temple complex at
Sarahan ( 171 Kms from Shimla) is set
against the incredibly beautiful backdrop of high ranges and forested slopes. Built in a mixture of the Hindu and Budhists styles, it was the temple of Bushair rulers of Rampur. The palaces of the royal family are adjacent to the temple. From Sarahan there is a view of the Srikhand Peak, revered as the home of goddess Lakshami.
Chintpurni :- A winding road goes up to the temple dedicated to Bhagwati Chinmastika or Chinpurni-the goddess who grants all wishes. A popular place of pilgrimage, Chintpurni is about 75 km from the town of Una and 100 km from Jalandhar.
Trilokpur :- About 25 km from Nurpur, at the confluence of the Bohar and Bhali streams is another sacred spot popular with pilgrims of various faiths. There is a Hindu temple, a Buddhist monastery, a gurdwara and a mosque at Trilokpur
Naina devi temple :- On a hill, close to Bilaspur and Kiratpur (34 km), is famous shrine of Naina Devi. A colourful fair, the Shravana Astami Mela is held in July- August
72
BHISUDDT PILGRIMAGES
The remote valleys of Lahaul, Spiti and Kinnaur have strong Buddhist traditions.Splendid gompas, Buddhist monasteries, built along bare mountain-sides seem to be a part of the rugged terrain. These are the repositories of a wealth of Buddhist art and culture. The dim, cool interiors of ancient monasteries glow with the brilliance of painted murals, stuccos and elaborate thangkas framed with rich borders of silk.In Dharamsala, where the Dalai Lama has settled in exile, is a marvelous Tibetan township where an entire cultural tradition is being nurtured. It is a centre that attracts scholars, pilgrims and tourists.
Rewalsar :- Perhaps the most sacred spot for Buddhists in Himachal Pradesh, Rewalsar is 25 km south west of Mandi. According to legend, Guru Padmasambhava departed for Tibet
from this beautiful spot, to spread the 'dharma'. A pagoda-style monastery stands along the edge of the lake.
Guru ghantal monastery(3020 m):-
This isOn the right bank of Chandra river about
4 kms. above Tandi and is believed to be the oldest Gompa of Lahaul having wooden structure with pyramidal roofs, wood carving, preserving the idols of Padmasambhava & Brajeshwari Devi.On the full moon night in mid-June a festival called "GHANTAL" is Celebrated by Lamas & Thakurs together.
73
Kardang monastery(3500 m) :- It is about 5 kms. from Keylong across Bhaga river. It is believed to be built in 12th century. Monastery has a large library of Kangyur and Tangyur volumes of Budhist scriptures in Bhoti. Kardang village was once the capital of Lahaul .
Shashur monastery :- Situated on a hill about 3 kms from Keylong towards north on the same slope. During June/ July this monastery attracts a large number of visit
-ors when Lamas perform the devil dance. It was found in the 17th century a.d. It belongs to red hat sec and is located among the blue pines. The paintings represent the history of 84 Buddhas.
Tayul gompa(3900 m) :- Tayul Gompa is 6 kms. from Keylong and is one of the oldest monasteries of the valley having a huge statue of Guru Padmasamhava about 5m high and houses library of Kangyur having 101 volumes. In Tibetan language Ta-Yul means the chosen place. There is an interesting story behind this.
Kye monastery :- It is situated 12 kms. north of Kaza and serves the western population of Spiti. It is the oldest and biggest monastery of the valley and located at (4116 m) above Kye village. It houses beautiful scriptures and paintings of Buddha and other goddesses. Lamas practice dance, sing and play on pipes and horns. Relegious training to Lama's is imparted here. It has murals and books of high value.
74
Thang yug gompa:- It is located 13 kms. above Kaza serving western part of central Spiti. Situated in a secluded place in the narrow gauge of Kaza Nallah, it generally has a Lama from Tibet. Above this there is a long plateau which leads to Shilla peak
Kungri gompa:- It is situated in the Pin valley about 10 kms. from Attargo where Spiti river has to be crossed to enter Pin valley. It is serves the population of Pin valley.
Dhankar monastery:- It is situated about 25 kms. east of Kaza and serves eastern part of central Spiti. Dhankar is a big village and erstwhile capital
of Spiti King. On top of a hill here is a fort which use to be a prison in olden times. The Monastery has
about 100 Lamas and is in position of Buddhist scriptures in Bhoti language. Principal figure is a Statue of "Vairochana" (Dhayan Budha) consisting of 4 complete figures seated back to back. It has relics in the shape of paintings and sculptures.
Tabo monastery:- This is another large gompa serving the population of eastern side. It has its origin in the tenth century old and is located 50 kms. from Kaza In fame it is next to Tholing Gompa in Tibet. It has about 60 Lamas and houses a large collection of Scriptures, wall paintings etc. Murals of this gompa have similarity to that of the Ajanta paintings.
75
SIKH PILGRIMAGES
The Sikhs came to the Shivalik Hills, in Himachal Pradesh in 1695, at the invitation of the ruler of Sirmaur, to help him fight the Mughals. Guru Gobind Singh with his army, settled
in Paonta Sahib in the foothills. During the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, at the end of the
18th century, many of the western hill states also came under Sikh sovereignty.
Paonta sahib :- This is the main centre of Sikh pilgrimage in Himachal. The gurdwara picturesquely located on the banks of the River Yamuna in district Sirmour, is venerated due to its association with Guru Gobind Singh, the 10th Sikh Guru. In March, an important fair
is held and the holy Granth Sahib is taken out in procession.
Manikaran:- The serene location and the seemingly mysterious hot springs made Manikaran (Kullu) a place of pilgrimage in earlier times ( 35 Kms from ntar). Guru Nanak, the first Guru of the Sikhs, visited this place to spend time in meditation. A gurdwara that was built to commemorate his visit, is now a place of pilgrimage for the Sikhs.
Rewalsar :- The gurdwara at Rewalsar, near Mandi, is located on the periphery of a lake sacred to both the Hindus and Buddhists as well.
76
CHRISTIAN PILGRIMAGES
Christianity made a late appearance in Himachal Pradesh, after the arrival of the British. The churches here are not more than 150 years old. Tall churches-the relics of the Raj, are to be found mainly in the small hill stations that the British created as summer retreats.
Shimla: The Christ Church, with its tall spire dominates the ridge in Shimla. This imposing structure is visible from as far away as Tara Devi, 8 km away. It was built in
1844, when Shimla was slowly coming into its own as the premier hill station of India., the Christ Church was designed to accommodate the entire Shimla congregation. Various memorials and stained glass windows fill the somber interior with colour and light.
Dharamshala: The stone church of St. John lies on a motorable road between Mcleodganj and Forsyteganj 8 Km from Lower Dharamshala (Kangra). It has a monument of Lord
Elgin, one of the viceroys of India, who died in Dharamshala and was buried.
Dalhousie: Dalhosie (Chamba) is another hill station with a number of old churches. The church near the G.P.O. looks untouched by time. It has an angular roof of inter-leafed hexagonal slates. The Catholic church of St. Francis, built in 1894, is set against a backdrop of tall pines overlooking the Subash Chowk.
77
For sheer geographical diversity, few places in the world are as richly endowed as Himachal Pradesh. Low rolling hills, just a couple of hundred meters above sea level, climb on to touch the core of the Himalaya mountains. Here lie peaks that are several thousand meters high and Never lose their perennial snows. Then, past these forbidding heights, lie the visually stunning cold deserts of the Trans Himalaya.Rivers in deep gorges and placid mountains lakes, thick forest and acres of spree, mountain sides draped in snow, and green alpine meadows, all form part of this immense spectrum. And the possibilities for wide range of adventure activities is enormous. There are day-hikes by the thousand, and trek routes follow trails that last couple of days or can even extend over few weeks. These vary
from gentle walks over easy terrain, to grueling expeditions. There is skiing, heliskiing and
ice-skating. there is the thrill of paragliding and the test of stamina with mountain-cycling. You can go camping and fishing and play golf or take a safari by car, jeep or on motorcycle.Then there is mountaineering and rock climbing. All you have to do is make up your mind
and select your own activity. No special training is required for most things, age is no consideration and all you need is reasonable level of fitness.
78
Equipment, training and instructors are available. And then, all this comes at a fraction of what it would cost elsewhere in the world.Sedentary or strenuous, for the experts or beginer, Himachal has a niche of adventure for everyone.
Golf :- At Naldera, 23 km. from beyond Shimla is one of the oldest golf courses in India. The course, whose topography is absolutely natural,
was originally placed by the British Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon, at the turn of the centuary. He was so enhanted by the spot that he named one of his daugh
-ters 'Naldera' after the spot. This is a par 68, nine hole course which is regarded as one of the most challenging in the country. In the repeat nine, the yardage some - what increases. The links are main
-tained by Himachal Tourism and accomodation is available at Hotel Golf Glade. There are other hotels
in the private sector near Naldera.Annandale, in Shimla has nine hole course managed by the army and there is another at the exquisite glade of Khajjiar, 22 km from Dalhousie and
24 km from Chamba. Putting greens are available at several resorts and hotels. Golf courses are also coming up elsewhere in the state.
Heli-skiing :- For high mountain thrills perhaps nothing can surpass the magic of heli- skiing. Under a deep blue sky, you are carried by a helicopter to a snow-draped peak. 79
And after that there is nothing except steadiely distancing whirr of rotor blades, the sky and the snow. It is a thrilling experience as you rapidly
zoom down the slopes. The icy winds slaps your face and the swiftly slithering hiss of skies remindes you that you are racing away on your own steam.The
sport is available in the area bound by Hanuman Tibba, Rohtang Pass, Deo Tibba and Chanderkhani Pass near the resort town of Manali. A major feature is the compactness of heli skiing area. A sortie of ten minutes can carry the skiers to the top of 14000 feet high slope.
Skiing :- Kufri, near Shimla is one of the oldest places in India to be associated with skiing and the slopes are still in use during winter. Above Kufri, the Mahasu ridge also has good slopes.Comprehensive facilities exist at Narkanda, 64 km from Shimla. There is a range of slopes, including a beginer's run, an advanced slope and a slalom run. Himachal Tourism offers ski courses, instruction and has equipment on hire at Narkanda.At Manali, the Directorate of Mountaineering and Allied Sports offers a variety of courses and facilities for skiing are possible in the Solang area near Manali. There are also some companies in the
private sector that offer ski courses and allied facilities.
80
Ice – skating :- The Shimla ice-skating rink has the largest open-air area with naturally frozen ice in this part of the world. The Ice Skating Club has already celebrated its Diamond Jubilee.Ice-skating
normally begins in early December and carries on to
February. Clear skies and low temperatures provide series of uninterrupted sessions. There are two sessions
every day, in the morning and in the evening. Membership is available for the season as well
as for shorter terms and even for single sessions. Skates are available at the rink. Fancy dress carnivals,
'gymkhanas' ice-hockey and dances enliven every season.
Para-gliding :- Riding the warm thermal currents of the air is perhaps the closest man has ever come to sailingthe skies as free as a bird. Almost at will,
you dip and wheel high over the hills and valleys.The bald peak of Billing, above the Buddhist monastery of Bir in Kangra, has been the venue for five national and three inter
-national hang-gliding rallies since 1984. The site is perfect for para-gliding too. And this sport is a mix of sky-diving and hang-gliding. A fairly recent sport that is steadily gaining popularity, para-gliding is possible at various places in state. Places where para-gliding is done regularly are - Bundla
Dhar near Bilaspur, in the kullu valley and at Intkali in the
Pabbar valley near Rohru in Shimla district. 81
Himachal Tourism sponsors training programmes and events at various times of the year, in different places. There is an Adventure Sports Hostel at Dharamsala (Kangra) and an Aero Sports Complex at Bir. For details of training facilities, contact sports associations or Divisional Tourism Development Officers of Himachal Tourism.
Water and river sports :- The Maharana Pratap Sagar reservoir in Kangra with its 42 km length and 2 km breadth, offers a variety of activities in close collabration with the Directorate of Mountaineering and Allied Sports.
Year long activities include swimming, water- skiing, surfing, kayaking, rowing, canoeing and sailing. Three levels of courses are conducted – beginner, intermediate and advanced. Similar activities are also available on the waters of Gobind Sagar near Bilaspur, the Chamera lake
near Dalhousie (Chamba) and the Pandoh lake on the Mandi-Kullu National Highway. River-rafting or white-water rafting as it is also called is swiftly making Himachal a focus
for the sport. For a torrent of adrenalin to gush through every vein and surge over every muscle you can race over the State's river rapids in an inflatable rubber dinghy. Sport is now being held on the Sutlej near Shimla on the Beas near Kullu, the Ravi near Chamba and Chandra in Lahaul. Possibilities are also being explored on the river Spiti. This sport takes a break during winter and during the monsons. 82
Mountain cycling:- Gear yourself for high adventure with an expedition on cycles. You can pedal your way past high passes or simply make a day-adventure. Quite literally the whole of Himachal is your playground. The tour can be coupled with camping and can be carried on for several weeks over diverse terrain. The lower regions of the State - Kangra,
Una, Hamirpur and Bilaspur offer gentle routes. Or you can streach your mind, muscle and stamina to reach out
to the Trans Himalyan tract of Lahaul, Spiti and Kinnaur. Milder but no less interesting excursions can be done out at any holiday station.
Vehicle safaries :- By jeep, car or on motorcycle you can explore the variety Himachal has to offer. By jeep,
the Trans Himalyan tract can steadily unfold their natural and man made wonders. Along one of the world's highest highways, you can drive out of Manali, cross the Rohtang Pass (3980 m) and move through arid Lahaul, you drive through the haunting landscapes of Spiti and over the Kunzum pass (4551 m), enter Lahaul. Himachal has an extensive network of roads and treks and apart from the routes mentioned above, there are several others you can traverse on. By car, driving over the more demanding routes may not be possible, but in no way does this curtail the range of experience. And motorcycles may impose some limitations, but are again a wonderful way of sharing the wonders of Himachal.
.
83
Trekking :- The main trekking areas in Himachal are the Dhauladhar and Pir Panjal ranges, routes over the passes between the Shimla region and the Kullu valley, the numerous treks out of Kullu and select tracks in the Trans-Himalyan regions of Kinnaur, Lahaul and Spiti. Most trekking areas are between 1500 metres and 6000
metres. With well over two hundred and seventy defined trails, the variation in terrain is also enormous. Low scrub-land and paths through paddy fields, give way to trails strewn with pine needles. Then come woods
of oak and flowering rhododendron, which merge into forest of Himalyan cedar - 'deodar' – and spruce. On most trails, small pastoral hamlets dot the way. Cunningly hidden between the high mountains are passes which
were once known only to migrant shepherds and dare all traders. These lead to the fabulous wastes and swift
rivers of the arid Trans-Himalya. A host of combinations and variations take the trails through changing countryside. The degree of physical output can also be changed to suit your requirements. For example, the same trek can be developed from a week to last longer. Or, the two ends of a trek can be the same, but the trails can be designed to be taxing, or gentle.There are several agencies that conduct treks. Guides, equipment, porters, pack animals and maps are available at major starting points. The old Forest 'dak bunglows' that are strategically placed along many trek routes, add a considerable measure of nostalgic
charm and convenience for trekkers. Practically all have an aura of the past, and lie nestled
84
in deep woods.
The main Tourism circuits in Himachal Pradesh are fairly well known and even remote districts like Lahaul-Spiti and Kinnaur are now coming into the tourist mainstream. Himachal has however many undiscovered spots with unspoilt charm that are worth a visit for a quiet rewarding holiday - spent amidst the splendor of nature, away from the crowds.
DISTRICT CHAMBA
• Manimahesh (4170 m) :- Accessible from Bharmaur, 35 km away. Scared to
Lord Shiva and his divine consort Parvati, the lake of Manimahesh is 35 km from Bharmaur. Past Gaddi villages and wide meadows that give way bare rock and snow fields, this tarn is a three day trek from Bharmaur via Hadsar and Dhanchha. The deep blue waters of the lake, rest at the feet of the Manimahesh Kailash Peak which is one of the mythological
abodes of Lord Shiva.
• Bharmaur (2195 m) :- Linked by road to Chamba is 65 km away. Surrounded by alpine pastures, this is the summer home of the nomadic Gaddis. At a distance of 65 km from Chamba town, Bharmaur, once known as Brahampur, was between the 6th and 10th
centuries, the capital of princely state of Chamba. 85
It is renowned for its cluster of temples - collectively known as the 'Chaurasi'. Though of varying archite-ctural designs, these temples are noted for their fine workmanship. From Bharmaur, the Kugti and Chobia passes and trek routs they offer can be approached
Other interesting places at hand the temples of Bani Mata and picturesque Khundel. There are Forest and PWD rest houses in Bharmaur.
•Bhandal valley (1730 m): Linked to Salooni (22 km) in the Chamba valley by road.The beauti ful Bhandal Valley with its wealth of wildlife is at the western extremity ofHimachal Pradesh. Appro
-achable from Chamba, it is the base for a trek routes that connect Chamba to the Kishtwar region of Jammu and Kashmir over the Dagni Dhar.
The route begins along the right bank of the river
Ravi, goes past Pukhri, down to the Siyul stream,
then rises to Salooni on the Prithvi Jor ridge to finally arrive above the valley. From Bhandal via Langhera one reaches Kishtwar. The highest point on the trek is the Padri Gali at 3049
m. There are rest houses at Sundla, Bhandal and Langhera.
•Pangi valley (2438 m): 173 km from Chamba. Locked between the greater Himalyan and Pir Panjal ranges, the wild and beautiful Pangi Valley is 173 km from Chamba. Its subdivision headquarters at Killar is located in the deep and narrow gorge of the river Chanderbhaga (Chenab). 86
The foaming river, the high crags of the gorge and the difficult terrain are a challenge for intrepid trekkers. The Sach Pass (4428 m) opens the way to several trek routes.Thick forest the habitat of varied wild life surround the Pangi Valley and the numerous side valleys – Saichu, Hunam, Sural Nallah, that are also endowed with remarkable natural beauty. The temple of Mindhal Basan Devi in Pangi is an important shrine. Appropriately, the people of Pangi are as attractive as the tract they inhabit. There is a rest house in Pangi.
DISTRICT KULLU
Inner and outer seraj:- Accessible from Kullu and Shimla by road. The Jalori and Basil passes stand as markers between the Inner and Outer Seraj regions of Kullu. Outer Seraj faces Shimla district and reaches out to touch the river Sutlej and Inner Seraj turns towards Kullu. Anni near Sutlej provides the
access point to Outer Seraj from Shimla. Some of the beautiful unspoilt spots in this area include Change, a wide meadow surrounded by thick forests and Takara
and Pane which have fine rest houses. Within Outer Seraj is Normandy known for its exquisite wood and stone temples. The 5155 m Shrikhand Mahadev Peak is a
part of Outer Seraj. Beyond the Jalori Pass the scenic splendor of the Inner Seraj area unfolds. This area has variety of trek routes. 87
Jalori pass (3134 m):- The Jalori Pass which links Inner and Outer SERAJ is 76 km from
Kullu. Its crest offers panoramic views of the area. The new pass is a man made one and was carved out of the mountain range in the early part of the Twentieth century. This is about 150 m lower than the old Jalori Pass. Surrounded by majestic forests, this area is home to the Himalyan brown bear and certain varieties of pheasant - including the Mona and Tarpon. The Shangri Rich Temple is close-by, and 5 km from the Pass is the jewel like Sloes Lake.
Shoja (2692 m):- Shoja in Inner SERAJ is close to the Jalori Pass. A charming unspoilt location of exceptional beauty over looking lush meadows and tall snow-capped ranges, Shoji is 69 km from Kullu via Aut. The Raghupur Fort and Dough Thatch, a lovely grassy meadow very close to Shoja are worth visiting.
Aut:- Aut on the mandi-manali highway is the entry point to the kullu valley where the road enters the mandi - largi gorge. Aut, the entire reservoir of the pandoh dam and largi excellent for angling. The rapids between shamshi and aut are splendid for river running.There are rest houses at aut and largi.
DISTRICT MANDI
Joginder nagar (1220 m):- Joginder Nagar is the last stop of the little toy train, that runs from Pathankot on a narrow gauge line. Accessible by road from both Palampur and Mandi. In 1925, the enterprising Raja Joginder Sen of Mandi created an elaborate hydel power scheme near the village of Sukrahatti - which was then renamed Joginder Naga8r8after
him.
After tunneling and piping the water over several kilometers from the river Uhl to Joginder Nagar, the power house at Shanan was built by a team of engineers. Joginder Nagar's attractions include the Macchiyal Lake, the Bassi Power House, Gumma and the haulage trolley. The HPTDC runs Hotel Uhl at Joginder Nagar and there are rest houses too.
Shikari devi (2850 m): It is possible trek to Shikari Devi from Janjheli and Karsog. Through woods of assorted trees and shrubs - which include several medicinal herbs - two separate trek routes lead up to this ancient shrine which crowns the top of a hill. One approach is from Janjehli and the other from Karsog. Hunters in the area once prayed to theGoddess for success in their hunt - and here, perhaps,
lies the origin
Jhantigri (2130 m): 12 km from Joginder Nagar is this enchanting spot atop a hill, surrounded by a thick
forest of deodar trees. The remains of the summer palace of the former rulers of Mandi are located here. The spot unfolds breathtaking visats of the valleys
below. There is a PWD rest house at Jhatingri.
Barot (1830 m): Just 40 km by road from Joginder Nagar and 12 km by haulage trolley, Barot packs an enormous range of outdoor activities. The reservoir of the Joginder Nagar Hydel Power Project is located here. A trout breeding centre, makes it a wonderful place for angling. Across the river Uhl is the Nargu wildlife Sanctuary -home to the ghoral,
Himalyan black bear and a variety of pheasants. 89
Tattapani (656 m): On the bank of the river Sutlej, Tattapani is approachable from Mandi via Karsog. It is also approachable via Shimla. Resting deep in a scenic valley and surrounded by high hills, Tattapani is famous for its hot sulpher springs- noted for their therapeutic powers. The HPTDC runs a lodge and there are rest houses at Tattapani.
Prashar lake (2730 m): Linked by road to Mandi. An interesting 14 km. trek is possible along a steep track from Kataula, which is easily accessible from Mandi. The beautiful Prashar Lake is located high in the mountains, 40 km north of Mandi. It is here that sage Prashar is said to have meditated. On the lake's edge is a three-storeyed pagoda-like temple dedicated to the sage. Capped with a roof of slate tiles, the temple has a wealth of wood carving. It is said to have been built by Raja Ban Sen of Mandi in the 14th centuary. An entire panorama of snowy mountain ranges is visible from this location.
DISTRICT KANGRA
Nurpur: Once a principality of Kangra, Nurpur is 24 km from Pathankot and 66 km from Dharamsala. Nurpur was known earlier as Dhameri. It achieved its peak durimg the rule of Raja Basu (1580-1613). The remains of his impressive fort can still be seen. Raja Basu's son Suraj Mal rose in rebellion against the Mughal Empreror Jehangir. After the uprising was quelled, the town of Dhameri was renamed Nurpur after Jahangir's beautiful wife, Nur Jehan. Today, apart from the fort, the
attractions of Nurpur include the Brijraj Temple
dedicated to Lord krishna. 90
•Masrur (800 m): Easily accessible by road from Kangra (40 km) and Dharamsala (42 km). Fifteen richly carved, monolithic, rock temples, dating back to the 8th century, are to
be found at Masrur, just 22 km from Ranital Railway Station. Located on a hillock that rises above a well watered and fertile tract of considerable natural beauty - they are framed by
the snow-clad peaks of Dhauldhar mountains. These shrines similar to the rock-cut temples at Ellora and Mahabalipuram, are the only monuments of this style in northern India. With rich ornamentation executed over staggering proportions, the Masrur temples brings to mind the remark that Indian temple builders "conceived like giants and had the finish of
jewelers". Images of Lord Rama, Laxmana and Sita are installed in the central shrine.
•Maharana pratap sagar: The Maharana Pratap Sagar can be approached from Pathankot via Jassur, from Chandigarh via Talwara and from Dharamsala via Dehra. The shimmering waters of the Pong Dam reservoir are clearly visible from the heights of Dharamsala. A man-made wetland over the River Beas, the lake, is the habitat of a variety of migratory birds from Siberia and Central Asia. Over 220 species of birds have been sighted here. It is also an excellent place to go fishing for mahaseer, there are numerous spots for the angler.
•Bir (2080 m) and billing (2600 m): Just 16 km from Joginder Nagar and 19 km from Baijnath, Bir is located amidst verdant fields and tea gardens. There is a large a Tibetan community and beautiful monastery here. Facing Bir is the fort of Ahju to which a trek can be made. Surrounded by an amphitheater of low hills Bir is an ideal landing ground for hang/paragliders. The road to Billing goes past Bir and climbs through thick woods. Billing,
14 km from Bir with its arena of 200 km or more for high altitude and cross country flying is an exceptional site for aero sports. An annual hang gliding festival is held at Billing. 91
DISTRICT BILASPUR
•Bahadurpur (1980 m): Close to the town of Bilaspur (40 km), Bahadurpur range towers over lesser hills of the area. A small forest of deodar and Himalayan oak that spreads over
it considerably enhances its beauty. The crest offers panoramic view and the Ratanpur Fort, Swarghat, the Fatehpur Fort, Naina Devi, the plains near Ropar and even the Shimla hills can be seen from here. The Bahadurpur Hill crowned by the remains of a circular fort which was built by Raja Keshab Chand in the 17th century.
•Swaraghat (1220 m): Swarghat is 40 km from Bilaspur on Chandigarh- Bilaspur road and 22 km from Nalagarh.
It is surrounded by low rolling hills that are draped by forests Of pine. An attractive picnic spot, it forms an interesting excursion. The shrine of Naina Devi and the Bhakra Dam
are approachable from here. The link road for Nalaragh and
Pinjor turns off from the National Highway at Swarghat.
•Gobind sagar (520 m): In 1963, the the world's highest gravity dam, the Bhakra, was dedicated to the nation. Its huge reservoir, the Gobind Sagar Lake, on the River Sutlej, extending for 90 km upto the town of Bilaspur covers an area of some 170 sq km. Its clear waters hold a variety of fish and its banks are a draw for hopeful anglers. A large range of avian life can be seen in the lake. The Gobind Sagar Lake is also emerging as a major site for boating and water sports and a wide range of facilities and training courses are
available. Every winter, the Mountaineering Institute holds a festival of water sports here.
92
DISTRICT SIRMAUR
Rajgarh (2169 m): Just 30 km from Solan Rajgarh blessed with considerable natural beauty, is an unspoilt retreat set amidst apple orchards. Its entry into the tourist circuit is relatively recent. A rest house and eating places made it convenient
Shillai: Approachable by road from Paonta Sahib and Sataun and surrounded by woods, Shillai lies close to River Tons. It is closely allied with the worship of local deities Shirgul and Gugga and is an important centre of folk culture. A trek to the 3647 m peak of Choor Chandni also called the Churdhar, loosely translated as the 'mountain of the silver bangle', can be made from here via Haripur Dhar. A trek to Chakrata in Uttar Pradesh is also
possible from Shillai.
Arki: Just 52 km from Shimla, once the capital of the princely state of Baghal. The elegant palace at Arki, picturesquely located against a wooded hillside, is famous for its Ast Bayaka frescoes, executed in the Arki Kalam style. Refurbished now, the palace is a Heritage Hotel
Nalagarh: 45 km from Pinjore in Haryana, and at the half-way point on the road to Swarghat, Nalagarh was the capital of princely state having the same name. The Nalagarh Valley is a long strip bounded by the heavily eroded range of the Shivaliks in the south and west and the spurs of the outer Himalayas to the north-east.
Around the valley are the ruins of the Surajupur Malaon, Ramgarh and Chamba forts. Nalagarh is best known for its fortified palace and its fine wall paintings. This palace, recently refurbished is now a Heritage Hotel and promises an unusual royal experience to visitors.
DISTRICT SHIMLA
Sarahan (2125 m): 171 km from Shimla, Sarahan is well connected with bus service. Taxis are also available at Shimla and Rampur. The gorgeous spectacle of the Himalayan ranges with the unspoilt pastoral loveliness of an unpretentious village, Sarahan is truly a haven tucked away in the foothills of the Himalayas. Situated in the Sutlej Valley, on way to district of Kinnaur. Sarahan was the old capital of Rampur Bushair, one of the biggest princely states in Shimla hills. The major attraction in Sarahan is centuries-old Bhimkali Temple and Raja Bushair Palace. Steeped in legend, the temple complex is a resplendent example of hill architecture. Sarahan is also the gateway to Kinnaur.
Chanshal (4220 m): This high pass that closes in October to reopen only in April, hides the fascinating tract of Dodra-Kwar, where time seems to have stood still for several centuries. From here one can descend to the Rupin River. One can also trek on via Natwar
and Panog to Haripur Dhar, include the Churdhar and loop around to Chaupal.
Chopal (2328 m): The little town of Chopal, 100 km from Shimla, has an authentic flavor of the Himachal hills, With wood and slate houses surrounded by forest of deodar tress, with high snow covered peaks in sight, Chopal has a perfect picturesque setting. This is one of the starting points of the trek to the churdhar Peak. Above Chaupal is
an old temple dedicated to Lankra Bir (Bhairon),94
and at Sarain, there is the Bijjat Temple.
There is a need to develop an entirely new tourism city equipped with all modern amenities. Rajgarh Valley in Sirmaur District is an ideal place for it because of its proximity to the Plains. This complex could be an integrated project with facilities for adventure sports, game recreation health club amusement parks, spas, film city, conference halls etc. Because of its proximity to Chandigarh, Such conferences could be organised at this place. This is an ideal place for private sector investment and on its part, government will provide all necessary assistance including procurement of land.
Major chain of facilities: The State Government also poses for investment Bilaspur-Una- Hamirpur-Kangra sector for massive investment by private sector, for land has been identified especially that adjoining the lakes in Gobind Sagar and Maharana Pratap Sagar This area is ideal for setting up of amusement parks, herbal gardens, lake resorts and floriculture. The entire belt is dotted
with numerous religious places which can be developed for the development of a major chain of facilities for use by tourist. This area is ideally suitable for adventure sports, water sports, wild life and eco-tourism.
95
•INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FACILITIES FOR TOURISTS IN
TRIBAL AREAS: The tribal areas of Himachal Pradesh are known for natural beauty and have recently been opened up to foreign tourists can visit this area in a group of four or more. There is an urgent need to provide clean international standard facilities for tourists visiting this area. This area is open for private sector investment for creation of facilities for tourists. The thousand years old Buddhist Monastery of Tabo in Spiti with its fine paintings has been declared as a world heritage site by UNESCO.
ROPWAYS AND SKI-RESORTS: Other areas which are opened for large investment, are for the development of ski-resorts, lakes and ropeways. a sky-resort can be
developed near Chanshal range, which is one of the largest ranges for skiing in the country even bigger than this ski range in Uttar Pradesh. Another beautiful area for ski- resort alongwith a couple of ropeways is the
area above Solang in Kullu Valley. This is one of the last areas for the development of a ski-resort. The State Govt. will provide all assistance in terms of clearance including forest clearance. Of course our emphasis is to develop tourism facilities in such a way so that the fragile ecology of the State is preserved ans is not tampered with. There are many identified ropeways in Himachal Pradesh. These are Kullu to Bijli mahadev
(in Kullu), Mandi to Tarna (in Mandi town), Dharamkot to Triund (in Dharamshala), Narkanda to
Hattu Peak and Tara Devi to Shimla (in Shimla) 96
which are ready for private sector investment.
Heritage properties: Himachal has an enormous range of heritage properties. Some of these are ancient forts and some of these are colonial mansions. Then there are places that belongs to an era gone by and marked opulent life style of India's Princes and then there are century old hotels. Many of heritage properties have been converted into commercial heritage property and are being developed. Big hotels chain can have a look at some of these properties are for being developed as Heritage Property. Some colonial buildings can be found especially in Kasauli and Dalhousie for their development as Heritage properties Many States like Rajasthan have developed heritage properties with the active
participation of private sector for development of these "Heritage Properties".
Adventure sports: Himachal Pradesh has excellent scope for adventure tourism. For example para-gliding, hand gliding, white water rafting, mountaineering and trekking.
There are 270 identified treks in Himachal which are utilised by domestic and foreign tourists. Trekking equipments is also made available by the department to interested tourists and regional branch of Himalyan Mountaineering Institute, Dharam shala is also playing important role in this direction. Many organised groups for example Excursion from London are also sending groups
of tourists for trekking to Himachal Pradesh.
97
CIVIL AVIATION: Civil Aviation is Very Important area for Private Sector Investment. At present the State can offer three airports for private sector participation. These airports are Banikhet in Chamba district, Paonta Sahib in Sirmaur District and Sunder Nagar in Mandi Districts. In addition the private sector is also welcome to give there offers for starting helicopter services
within and outside the State so as to improve accessibility to and within the State.
98
Himachal Pradesh has a varied topography, climate and forest cover and is endowed with a vast variety of flora and fauna. From times immemorial, this tract is known for its wilderness, landscapes, beautiful forests and wildlife. In Himachal Pradesh, out of the total geographical area of 55,670 sqkm, the forest area as per legal classification is 37,691 sqkm. At present there are 32 Sanctuaries, 2 National Parks and 3 Games Reserves
Simbalbara sanctuary :- This sanctuary is located In Paonta Valley of Sirmour District. This area bears beautiful dense Sal forests with grassy glades. This is probably the most picturesque area of Shiwaliks. There is a perennial stream in the area.
Churdhar sanctuary :- Churdhar peak, with height of
3647 metres is the highestpeak in outer Himalayas.It is like a Oasis of Alpine area in a ocean of temperate forests.This is an excellent area for trekking during summer and early winters. The view from Churdhar peak is un-paralled. One is sure to come across a large number of
multicoloured and agileMonals in the adjoining forests.
99
MANALI SANCTUARY: This sanctuary starts about
2 km from Manali town. It forms the catchment of Manalsu khad. A bridle path from Manali log huts/ Dhungri temple passes through dense Deodar, Kail, Horse chestnut, Walnut and Maple forests. Night stay in tents at Lambadug or Gallant thatch is unforgettable experience. Alpine lush green pastures and glaciers beyond Galant thatch are a romantic attraction for the enthusiastic but
enduring visitors. One may see Musk deer, Monal and Brown bear digging or ploughing the land and also pug marks with scent of Leopard or Snow leopard.
PIN VALLEY NATIONAL PARK: This National Park is situated in the cold desert of Spiti Valley. In this area visitors come across large herds of Ibex and Bharal. Snow leopard is found in this park. This area can be visited only by those who
have tough leg muscles and strong lungs. Visitors can contact Divisional Forest Officer Wildlife Division Sarahan, Assistant Conservator of Forest Wildlife Kaza or Range Officer Wildlife Tabo for
information about the park.
100
NATURE PARKS:
NATURE PARK, KUFRI: Kufri is a well known tourist resort near Shimla. A large number of tourists visiting Shimla also visit Kufri where a nature park has been established. In this park rare varieties of Hangal, Barking Deer, Musk Deer, Brown Bear, rare species of Monal and other pheasants are kept in social groupings.
NATURE PARK, MANALI: Manali is another tourist spot where a large number of visitors come. To expose visitors to the nature and to create awareness and love for wild life
it is planned to develop many other facilities at
Manali. There is a wild life sanctuary about
2 km away from Manali town. The tourists will be encouraged to visit this area and see the magnificence of nature here.
NATURE PARK, GOPALPUR: Gopalpur is a village situated near Palampur on Palampur-Dharamsala upper road. Kangra valley in Himachal Pradesh is another area where visitors come regularly. In this nature park animals will be kept in large enclosures and conservation messages will be conveyed to the visitors through audio-visual aids.
101
DAL LAKE
LOCATION: At an altitude of 1775 metres in district Kangra 11 k.m. from Dharamshala, surrounded by deodar trees, this is on the motor road to Talnu. Held sacred, this has a small shiva temple on its banks. The banks of the lake are enlivened during September by a fair attended-amongst other-by a large number of Gaddi folk.
MAHARANA PRATAP SAGAR LOCATION: Maharana Pratap Sagar is at 450 metres above sea level, 32 degrees
North and 76 degrees East, In district Kangra 170 Km from Chandigarh, 110 Km from the district headquarters Dharamshala. The closest railway stations are Mukerian- 30 Km, and Pathankot- 32 Km. The Settlements of Nagrota Suriyan and Jawalaji located on the Sagar’s periphery are connected by the charming Narrow gauge Kangra Railway Line that connects Pathankot to Joginder Nagar.
102
SURAJ TAL LAKE
LOCATION: At an altitude of 4950 metres below the Summit of the Baralacha pass in the Lahaul division of district Lahaul and Spiti The Baralacha connects Mandi and Lahaul to Ladakh and the lake which draws a considerable number of visitors - especially in
summer - lies by its head. This is the source of river
Bhaga.
KHAJJIAR LAKE
LOCATION: At an altitude of 1900 metres in district Chamba 23 k.m. from Dalhousue and 25 k.m. from Chamba. Fed by tiny streams,this small lake lies at in the centre of large Khajjiar glade.
The glade and the lake are held sacred to Khajjinag
- after whom the place is named. Khajjiar has thick forest of the Kalatope sanctury surrounding its soft green grass.
103
Set high where they lord over the surrounding countryside, or tucked in wooded nooks, or placed by elegant promenad Himachal has an enormous range of Heritage properties. These range from ancient forts that breathe of a tumultuous past, colonial mansions that speak of an age of leisure and graciousness. There are palaces that belong to a time when opulence marked the lifestyles of India's princes - and there are century old hotels that are maintained in a pristine glory, which have been painstakingly restored This spectrum offers a range of decor and ambience – and a richly varied experience. From time-worn battlements, where the very stones speak of glory and courage, you can move to a lush countryside and savor the traditions of 'haveli' life. Just as easily, you can slip into distinctive mansions where time seems to have stood still for decades and where an easy elegance wafts under the watchful weave of priceless tapestries.
Alpine heritage inn, shimla :- Restored and modified, this is a colonial bungalow that has a considerable measure of the character that marked Shimla's architecture. Period furniture and artifacts Have been tastefully blended with modern facilities.
104
The oberoi clarkes, shimla :- Towards the eastern end of Shimla's Mall, where the row
of shops ends, is the Clarkes. Its neat Tudor- framed structure with window boxes, started life in the
early part of the 20th century as theCarlton. In the
1920s, the hotel was taken over by Ernest Clarke and named after him. While over the years, major modifications have gone into the structure, it retains the character and warmth of an English country inn.
Chapslee, shimla :- With the comfortable elegance of an English country manor, Chapslee was originally built in 1835. With major refurbishing done at the turn of th century, Chapslee has a magnificent interior with
priceless artifacts. Ornate brass beds,Belgian chandeliers, drapes from the Doge's palace in Venice, delft tiled fireplaces and exquisite rugs, all combine to evoke the heyday of another age.
Even the Burma teak used in the paneling, belongs to the same shipment that was used for the interior of the Viceregal Lodge at Shimla. In time,Chapslee
became the property of Raja Charanjit Singh of
Kapurthala, whose descendants now run it as a select hotel
105
Rajmahal palace hotel, mandi :- A manor built in the colonial style-and still owned by the former ruling house of Mandi the hotel lies partially concealed from view by other buildings. With corridors lined with arms and portraits, its interior echoes another age. Striking pieces of ornate furniture appear at every turn and fill every nook and corner of the palace.
The cecil, shimla :- In the last quarter of the 19th century, at the site of the Cecil – towards the western stretch of Shimla's elegant Mall - stood the small 'Tendril Cottage'. Its most famous occupant for a 'season' in 1885, was the writer Rudyard Kipling. The estate went on to provide the location of the Cecil - which since its creation in 1902, has been a
major focus of Shimla's social life. As a guest clerk, it was here that the well-known hotelier, M.S. Oberoi started his remarkable career. The hotel which has hosted variety of dignitaries over the years, has recently been exhaustively renovated. Warm woodwork is set-off by elegant furniture and furnishings
. There is a full range of suites, rooms and facilities that are comparable with the best in the world. The hotel has the coveted classification of 'Heritage Grand'.
106
Hotels in Himachal Pradesh
The Indian state of Himachal Pradesh is set in the lap of nature. With the Himalayas running along there are the gorgeous greens, majestic mountains, limpid lakes, ravishing rivers, scintillating streams, fruit laden orchards and gentle terraces of corn and tea that add to the magic of Himachal Pradesh.
Himachal Pradesh - Tourist Attractions
On your happy holidays in state of Himachal Pradesh do visit the valley of the Gods in Kullu. Kullu is renowned for its temples, apple orchards, annual Dussehra festival and the handicrafts. The combination of the Himalayas, valleys and the Beas River make Kullu a paradise on Earth. The other hill station in the Kullu valley is Manali. Manali makes the perfect retreat for the sun-scorched souls of the plains. The beauty of the nature in Manali is bound to sweep you off your feet.
Then there is the charming and captivating destination of Chamba. Chamba is the picture perfect place with several terrific medieval temples in the lower Himalayas. The capital city of Himachal Pradesh namely Shimla is one of the most preferred tourist destinations in India. The hill station of Shimla derives its name from Goddess Shyamala who is the deity of power and wrath. The terrific tranquility and the unparallel beauty of nature make
Shimla a picture perfect spot for the tourists.The dashing destination of Dalhousie attracts several tourists through out the year. The deodars and the pines, the cottages and the villas, the gorgeous greens and the red rhododendrons make Dalhousie an excellent hill station worth visiting.
The other prime attraction of Himachal Pradesh is the town of Kangra in the Dhauladhar range. Owing to the ancient temples and the serene surroundings of Kangra tourists throng the place.The state of Himachal Pradesh has three domestic airports at Bhuntar, Gaggal, and
Jubbarhatti that connect the major cities of India with Himachal Pradesh. Places like Jogindernagar, Shimla, Solan, and Una of Himachal Pradesh are linked through railway tracks. Most of the major destinations in Himachal Pradesh are linked well though at times the road network though the snowfall and the landslides in the state hamper the flow of the vehicles.
Himachal Pradesh - Hotels
There are enough decent accommodation options in Himachal Pradesh and the scene is getting better every passing day. There are a number of star category hotels catering to the needs of tourists coming to explore Himachal Pradesh or interesting in exploring the scenic region around.
Himachal Pradesh - Hotel Reservations
Tourism of India.com will book hotels in Himachal Pradesh for you depending on the
budget you can afford. Tourism of India.com is a part of Indian Holiday Pvt. Ltd., a leading inbound tour operator to India and maintains very good professional relationship with all
the major hotel chains and independent properties in India including Himachal Pradesh. It helps us in offering you competitive hotel tariffs.
Contact details of HPTDC Hotels (Himachal Pradesh Tourism
Development Corporation)
THE HOLIDAY HOME, SHIMLA
Contact Phone.: (0177) 2812890-95, Fax : 2801705 E-mail: hhh@hptdc.in
THE SRIKHAND, SARAHAN
Contact Phone : (01782) 274234 E-mail: rampur@hptdc.in
THE HILL TOP, SWARGHAT
Contact Phone : (01978 ) 284112 E-mail: mandav@hptdc.in
THE CHAMPAK, CHAMBA
Contact Phone : (01899) 222774 E-mail: chamba@hptdc.in
THE IRAVATI, CHAMBA
Contact Phone : (01899) 222671 Fax :222565 E-mail: chamba@hptdc.in
THE PALACE, CHAIL
Contact Phone : (01792) 248141, Fax : 248140 E-mail: palace@hptdc.in
THE MAMLESHWAR, CHINDI
Contact Phone : (01907) 222638 E-mail: hhh@hptdc.in
THE YATRI NIWAS, CHAMUNDAJI
Contact Phone : (01892) 236065 E-mail: dharamshala@hptdc.in
THE LOG HUTS, MANALI
Contact Phone : (01902) 253225-26 FAX: 252325 E-mail: manali@hptdc.in
THE ORCHARD HUTS, MANALI
Contact Phone : (01902) 253225, 253226 FAX: 252325 E-mail: manali@hptdc.in
THE KUNZAM, MANALI
Contact Phone : (01902) 253197-98 Fax: 252325 E-mail: manali@hptdc.in
HADIMBA COTTAGE, MANALI
Contact Phone : (01902) 252334 Fax: 252325 E-mail: manali@hptdc.in
THE BEAS, MANALI
Contact Phone : (01902) 252832 E-mail: manali@hptdc.in
THE TOURIST LODGE, MANALI
Contact Phone : ( 01902) 252832 E-mail: manali@hptdc.in
THE ADVENTURE RESORT, RAISON
Contact Phone : ( 01902) 240516 E-mail: kullu@hptdc.in
THE T-BUD, PALAMPUR
Contact Phone : (01894) 231298, 234548 E-mail: palampur@hptdc.in
THE YAMUNA, PAONTA SAHIB
Contact Phone.: (01704) 222341, 224161 E-mail: paotna@hptdc.in
THE CASTLE, NAGGAR
Contact Phone : (01902) 248316 E-mail: manali@hptdc.in
HOTEL JWALAJI, JWALAMUKHI
Contact Phone : (01970) 222280, 222601 E-mail: jawalaji@hptdc.in
THE HAMIR, HAMIRPUR
Contact Phone : (01972) 222608 E-mail: jawalaji@hptdc.in
THE SILVERMOON, KULLU
Contact Phone : (01902) 222488 E-mail: kullu@hptdc.in
THE SARVARI, KULLU
Contact Phone : (01902) 222471 E-mail: kullu@hptdc.in
THE DEVDAR, KHAJJIAR
Contact Phone : (01899) 236333 E-mail: dalhousie@hptdc.in
THE KHAJJI COTTAGE, KHAJJIAR
Contact Phone : (01899) 236333 E-mail: dalhousie@hptdc.in
THE TOURIST COMPLEX, KALPA
Contact Phone : (01786) 226159 E-mail: rampur@hptdc.in
THE KINNER KAILASH COTTAGE, KALPA
Contact Phone : (01786) 226159 E-mail: rampur@hptdc.in
THE TOURIST INN, DEOTSIDH, SHAHTALAI, BILASPUR Contact Phone : (01978 ) 264120 E-mail: jawalaji@hptdc.in
THE LAKE VIEW, BILASPUR
Contact Phone : (01978 ) 224538, FAX : 222838 E-mail: mandav@hptdc.in
THE DHAULADHAR, DHARAMSALA
Contact Phone : (01892) 224926-27 Fax: 224928 E-mail: dharamshala@hptdc.in
THE BHAGSU, MECLEODGANJ, DHARAMSALA
Contact Phone : (01892) 221091 - 92 E-mail: dharamshala@hptdc.in
THE KASHMIR HOUSE, DHARAMSALA
Contact Phone : (01892) 222977 E-mail: dharamshala@hptdc.in
THE CLUB HOUSE, MECLEODGANJ, DHARAMSALA Contact Phone : (01892) 220834 E-mail: dharamshala@hptdc.in
THE KUNAL, DHARAMSALA
Contact Phone : (01892) 223163 E-mail: dharamshala@hptdc.in
THE GEETANJALI, DALHOUSIE
Contact Phone : (01899) 242155 E-mail: dalhousie@hptdc.in
THE BAGHAL, DARLAGHAT
Contact Phone : (01796) 248116, 248117 E-mail: hhh@hptdc.in
Business and Economy of Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh is a hilly region; hence the scope of agriculture is very limited in the state. Yet there are many places in the state where people earn their livelihood through farming, which reflects on the industry and enterprise of its people. Agriculture is the fulcrum of the business and economy of Himachal Pradesh. Agriculture accounts for 45 percent of the net domestic product of Himachal Pradesh and 71 percent of the state's
labour force are employed in agriculture. Wheat, rice, maize and barley are the main cereals being produced in the state. Seed-potato, mushrooms, ginger, chicory seeds, olives and fig are the important sources of revenue to the Himachal farmers. Apple is another major income generator for Himachal Pradesh. Fruit cultivation in Himachal Pradesh is presently yielding an annual income to the tune of Rs.30 million.
However, the development of the industrial sector in Himachal Pradesh too has been very well planned. The cool and unpolluted environment of Himachal Pradesh is very much
suitable for electronic industries, and as such many electronic complexes are dotting the state. Industrial areas have been established at Parwano, Barotiwala, Paonta Sahib, Baddi, Mehatpur, Shamshi, Nagrotu Bagwan, Bilaspur, Reckong-Peo, and Sansar Pur Tera, which are giving a fillip to the industrial climate in the state. Though the state is poor in minerals but it has abundant and uninterrupted supply of electricity. Furniture making and bamboo products industries also do have their presence in the state.
Himachal Pradesh has a tradition of producing exquisite handicrafts, which have considerable demand outside the state and country. Pasmina shawls, embroidered footwears, silver and metal ware are some of the important export-friendly items of the handicrafts industry of Himachal Pradesh.
But Himachal Pradesh has taken care to see that industrial growth doesn't trample on its pristine eco-system. The industries which have potential for air or water pollution are not given an encouraging response. Moreover, clearance of the Environment Protection Organization is necessary before establishment of any industry in the state.
Despite its inhospitable terrain, and the fact that majority of the state's populace reside in remote areas, the people of the state have overcome the odds to make Himachal Pradesh one of the most economically developed states of the union. Presently Himachal Pradesh ranks fourth among the Indian states, in terms of per capita income. It is also the only state in India to achieve the distinction of having one bank account per family.
Costumes of Himachal Pradesh
The costumes of Himachal Pradesh are colourful and diverse and they differ from region
to region, community to community, as well as from tribes to tribes. Each community in the state has its own costumes that are based on its customs and traditions.
The priests of Himachal Pradesh mostly wear dhoti, kurta, a turban, a coat or a waist coat, and a small towel that is placed on the shoulders. The Brahmin priests also carry an Indian astrological yearbook, which is known as the Panchang. Based on these books the priest makes his astrological speculations.
The Rajputs, mostly descendants of royal families, generally adorn themselves with a long and body fit churidar payjama, a starched turban, a long coat and unique shoes with pointed edges. The turban is stiffened with the help of starch and is worn with a unique shape. The turban is thought of as a matter of honour for the Rajputs. During the olden days the Rajputs used to stick to the traditional veil for their women. All the women of the Rajput
community had to venture outside in palanquins, which were heavily curtained.
The women of both the Rajputs and the Brahmins have a very similar outfit. The women of Himachal Pradesh traditionally wear long kurtas, ghaghri, salwars and cholis i.e. the blouse The farmers and the workers who have to work in fields go for the loin cloth or kurta, and a cap. They switch to long pyjamas, for attending occasions and festivals, and also for attending marriages.
However, there has been a visible change among the younger generation with more and more of them opting for westernised clothes. The most unique identity of the people in Himachal Pradesh is the hand-woven costumes, which are crafted with excellent finesse The scarves that the women wear on their heads are very popular and make significant
style statements. The specially made shoes, which are made from dried grass, are the best to keep their feet warm during the cold climate. Costumes of Himachal Pradesh are mostly woven by hand and the handlooms are very popular throughout the state.
Due to the cold, and at times harshly cold climatic conditions, shawls are also very popular among the local people as well as the tourists. The people from Himachal Pradesh are
renowned for their shawls. The shawls from Himachal Pradesh are very popular for their smooth texture, quality and finesse, and are the most stylist expressions of the costumes of Himachal Pradesh.
The Himachal crafts persons are extremely skilled in handicrafts and hence create masterpieces of art. These people, with their excellent skills, make for some of the best weavers in the world. The Himachali people are excellent at creating many beautiful art works and patterns, which is a must buy for any costume lover tourist. The beauty and smoothness of the Pashmina shawls and the soothing experience that comes from wearing it can only be felt. Manufactured from the hair of a type of goat also called Pashmina, these shawls are renowned across the globe.
ABOUT THE LANGUAGES OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
Himachal Pradesh is a land of diverse cultures, which is manifested in the number of languages that are spoken in the state. Languages of Himachal Pradesh are many. Though Hindi is the official language of the state, but there are many other languages that are Spoken in the state. Among them the prime languages of Himachal Pradesh are the Punjabi and Pahari, Dogri and Kangri. Gujarathi is also spoken in the western parts of the state
Pahari is one of the most common and most spoken languages of Himachal Pradesh. It is derived from the ancient Indian language of Sanskrit. Nearly all the basic words in the language are taken from Sanskrit. Many of the words are also taken from another ancient language of Prakrit. Due to the settlement of many different types of tribes, different tribal languages have also flourished in the state. The languages may also differ from region to region. There are many other regional languages like Kinnauri, Lahauli, Chambyali, Pangwali, which are spoken in the state.
Hindi: Hindi is the official language of India and is also the official language of the state of
Himachal Pradesh. Derived from the ancient Indian language of Sanskrit, this language is the most spoken language in the country.
Punjabi language: Punjabi is a language that traces its roots to the Indo-Aryan languages, and is spoken mainly by the Punjabi community in India and Pakistan and all around the world. In Himachal Pradesh also Punjabi is being spoken, and the credit goes to the Punjabi speaking tribal people who went on to inhabit the central and western parts of the state.
Pahari language: The Pahari language is basically spoken in the hilly regions of northern India. There are a number of different types of dialects that come under this language. The Pahari language or the Pahari languages as they are known, is a group of similar dialects that are spoken at the foothills of the Himalayan ranges, in the northern parts of India and Nepal. The Pahari languages are classified under central Pahari, eastern Pahari and western Pahari. The language has one more classification known as Garhwali. Languages like Dogri and Gaddi are classified as Garhwali.
The following is a list of languages that are spoken in the state of Himachal Pradesh. Kumaoni, a dialect spoken in Kumaon region
Palpa Garhwali Mahasu Pahari Bhadrawahi Dogri Hinduri Churahi Gaddi Chambaeli Kullu Pahari Pangwali Bilaspuri Kinnauri Jaunsari Sirmauri
However, many of the languages spoken in various parts of the state are very similar to each other, and have very small differences in them.
CUISINES IN HIMACHAL PRADESH
Himachal is a cold land where the upland climate dominates. That is why the cuisine of Himachal Pradesh is modified in the manner that it provides heat and energy to the people, to the maximum. Due to the cold weather meat is preferred by all. But in the different
region of the state, the cuisine differs. Rice, Paddy and maize is the basic food of people, but the use of spice is liberal and dominant. Boasting of uniqueness, the cuisine of Himachal Pradesh is typically a mix of Punjabi and Tibetan culture. However, due to its location in the Himalayas, you will always find an influence of the the geographical and climatic
conditions on the cuisine. The average Himachal kitchen churns out all sorts of meat, lentil
and cereal preparations.
So do not spend time thinking! Travel to Himachal Pradesh to take a famous cuisine tour to bask the unique foods that you will not enjoy anywhere else in the world. Take a Himachal Pradesh holiday and enjoy the cuisine of the state irrespective of whether you are in a five star hotel or among the creepers of Pine wood.
Everyday Delicacy That Marks its Zenith in Himachal Pradesh
The day to day food of the Himachali is much similar to any of the north Indian. A
typical everyday meal will include the usual Daal – Chawal – Sabzi and roti (the common north Indian meal of rice, lentil broth, dish of vegetables and bread), with sometimes non vegetarian creeping in the menu list. The main preparation of food includes the locally grown coarse grains like buckwheat, millet and barley. In the Himcahali food, the use of
spices like cardamom, cinnamon, cloves and red chillies is in vogue. Nasasta is a sweet meat of the Kangra region.
Due to the highland culture, that encourages cattle rearing, a wide variety of milk products too are consumed. Tea is also an indispensable part of Himachal food, as the ways and types of tea preparation method practiced by the people, is vast. The list of popular food in Himachal Pradesh is endless. Besides, the traditional food, one can also find the prevalence of South Indian as well as international cuisine in Himachal Pradesh, while momos and pastas are consumed with equal delight. Enjoy popular cuisine tours of Himachal Pradesh to enjoy the most famous food in Himachal.
The Most Popular Hiamchal Pradesh Food - Stuffed Capsicums
Veg or Non Veg – Himachal Has All
Green vegetables that was not very popular among Himachali people earlier, is becoming significantly important. Some of the most important dishes that are ubiquitous with everyday meal are Maahni (urad dal prepared with dried mangoes) or Madra (lentils made with yoghurt) while Indra is a dish prepared of urad dal and bada and is cooked in the
Shimla district. However, every area seems to have evolved its own version of these recipes. Some of the other vegetarian specialties are Pateer, Chouck, Bhagjery and Chutney of til. Another options is the snacky food like Bhatoora and Chana Madra, that too serve as an all time favorite.
However, non vegetarian is preferred, due to the dripping temperature. The most celebrated non vegetarian cuisine of Himachal Pradesh is the Kullu Trout and Chicken Anaardana. On your Himachal Pradesh tours do not forget to enjoy the mouth watering and wonderful cuisine of Himachal Pradesh.
Festive Meal of Himachal Pradesh
The best time to enjoy Himachal Pradesh cuisine is during the festivals, when the conventional cooking methods are taken over by mouth watering and elaborate culinary delight. Dham, is a traditional festive meal, that is cooked only by botis (a particular stream of chefs who are brahmins). It is an elaborate meal and the preparation begins a night before. It starts with rice, moong dal and a dish of Rajma cooked in yoghurt. This is followed by Boor ki Kari and a dark lentil. This elaborate cuisine ends with the mittha of sweet rice.
Besides Dham, there are other preparations that are famous during the festive
season. You should try the Ankalos, that are made of rice flour while Aktori, a kind of cake, is prepared by mixing leaves of buckwheat with wheat flour in the dry areas of Lahaul and Spiti. Then, there is Patande which is a type of pancake dish, an exclusive of Sermur region of Himachal Pradesh.
Hospitality of Himachal Obscures it All
More than the food of the state, what will entice you to fall in love with Himachal Pradesh are the people, that are ever welcoming. Do not be surprised or baffled if you are called by a casual acquaintance to visit their home – as it is the land of the most hospitable people. The culture of the state does not allow people to leave home without eating and if in case you
are in hurry do not feel flabbergasted if you find some eatery being stuffed in your bags.
News For Your Use
Of recent, the Himachal Pradesh government has taken an initiative to attracts tourist to the state by organizing cuisine festivals, at regular intervals. Since its flagship in May 2006, the Himachal Tourism offers delicacies from different states of India by holding cuisine festivals from Kerala, Bengal, Gujarat, Punjab and other parts.
This festival will be held all over the state promoting different cuisines. The most important aspect is that the Tourism Department will not just care for the palate but will also give a chance to the tourists to bask a glimpse of the culture identity of that particular state. Apart from food various puppet and magic shows are also organized at various cities, where tourists enjoy every minute of their stay.
Come to Himachal Pradesh to experience the food options like no other. Enjoying a meal while picnicking around the lakes and streams or just pop some munching delights in your mouth while strolling the Himachal bazaars aimlessly – the delight is unparalleled.
ANALYSIS OF DATA
Himachal Tourism – A SWOT analysis
1 Strengths
2 Weaknesses
3 Opportunities
4 Threats
An analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT):
1.) STRENGTHS:
1. One of the rare places in the world offering five distinct seasons, thus having potential to attract tourist inflow round the year;
2. Political and Social stability;
3. Recognized as a peaceful and hospitable State;
4. Salubrious climate;
5. Pollution free environment;
6. Offers a rare conglomerate of eco-tourism, pilgrimage, adventure, culture, heritage, leisure, wilderness etc.;
7. Fairly good infrastructure;
8. High literacy;
9. Rich history and heritage that has something to offer to all. Its Buddhist monasteries, which are of thousand years of old, ancient temples, churches and cemeteries;
123
2.) WEAKNESSES:
1. Negligible air and rail link in the State;
2. Inadequate flow of foreign tourists;
3. Non-disbursal of tourists round the year, putting severe strains oncivic infrastructure during the peak season;
4. Lack of trained tourist guides at important tourist places and historical tourist sites;
5. Saturation at the established tourists destinations;
6. No new major tourists destination has come up recently;
7. Lack of adequate parking places at important tourist places;
8. Poor marketing of the State abroad and inadequate marketing within the country;
9. Very little budget;
10. Problem of land acquisition;
124
3.) OPPORTUNITIES:
1. Strong potential for activity based tourism such as white water rafting, Para-gliding, trekking, mountaineering, water sports, mountain biking, Car Rallies etc.;
2. A strong base for heritage tourism to attract persons from all walks of society and religious beliefs;
3. To develop an ideal destination for nature lovers by promoting eco-tourism;
4. Create synergy between heritage and pilgrimage tourism;
5. Development of wetlands of the State to attract nature lovers especially bird watchers;
6. Promote the State as an open university and learning centre in mythology, anthropology and ornithology etc.;
7. Position it as an ideal destination for the film industry;
8. Himachal has something to offer to persons of all ages, groups, beliefs and interests.
There is unlimited scope for development of varied tourist packages;
9. Himachal can become one of the leading adventure destinations in the world;
10. Promote wilderness tourism for lovers and seekers of nature, peace and quiet.
125
4.) THREATS:
1. Tremendous strain leading to collapse, at times, of civic amenities at leading tourist destinations during the season;
2. Haphazard growth & construction threatening the environment, especially at the leading tourist destinations;
3. An alarming growth of concrete structures creating a disharmony with the local environment;
4. Unscrupulous commercialization of tourism could erode the social and cultural values;
5. Aggressive competition amongst the leading tourists States and a strong promotion of tourism by other States;
6. Lack of coordinated strategy by the different Government Departments;
7. A large increase in volume and limited increase in value;
8. Poor garbage/ waste disposal posing threat to the environment.
126
RECOMMENDATIONS
• Himachal must be able to provide hotels to cater to all segments of the society. It must market its camping facilities more and ensure that they are safe to use. Packaged tours balso have to be marketed.
• It must open avenues for business opportunities, could be tourism related itself, and cash on its vast religious backdrop.
• Railways must be given a boost so that long distance travel becomes easy. Low cost airlinesand helicopter services also can be used to reach the inaccessible regions depending on the climatic conditions.
• Entertainment facilities must be provided in order to ensure a longer stay by the tourists. They must have a unique thing to take back with them.
• Newer sources of communication like the internet must be used effectively to influence and advertise.
• Family entertainment facilities must be developed. More playgrounds and parks must be made. Schools can also be targeted for excursions.
• Create new planned tourist destinationsspots from the unexplored regions Which must be opened up atleast in the peak months.
• Basic infrastructural facilities have to be developed further. Roads need to be improved.Parking space must be provided.
127
• Himachal emporiums across India must be able to act as agents for promoting Himachal tourism.
• Basic necessities must be provided. Water availability has to be catered to. A diverse range of culinary must be provided to cater to the wants of tourists from various places across India and the globe.
• Shopping facilities need a boost. Shopping malls can be opened up.
• Exploitation of tourists by locals must be minimized.
• Information must be available to tourists at all places.
• Eco-tourism must be developed and promoted. Facilities for higher education must be improved.
• Local culture and handicrafts must be promoted. Congestion in popular tourist spots must be dispersed.
• It can attract more movie makers since it is endowed with scenic spots. A film city could also be built for this purpose.
• Insurance could be available to tourists, especially for adventurers.
• Private participation in developing tourism must be given a boost.
128
•Melas and festivals must be held so as to include the tourists.
•Rope cars, skiing and other facilities can be provided.
•Orchards and forests may be promoted as tourist picnic spots.
•International cricket matches and other sports could act as marketing agents to tourism.
•Celebrity endorsements could help to market tourism.
•More advertising in media, magazines, etc are needed.
•Guided tours could be improved and promoted.
•Cleanliness and environmental sustainability must be taken care of.
•It could endorse vacations for prize winning lotteries.
•Role of government and travel agents needs to be emphasized.
•Keeping all the stakeholders in mind, a sustainable strategy is needed.
129
STRATEGY
Tourism Sub Plan:
There is no denying the fact that the total budget with the Department
of Tourism is less in comparison to the other tourism-oriented States in the country. Tourism is one industry, which is linked with all development departments. Under their normal programmes, they are required to meet the infrastructure demands for promotion of tourism. What is needed to mechanise and accelerate the activities of the tourism department is to integrate and coordinate with the departments like PWD, Urban Development, I&PH, Health, Horticulture, Forest, Power etc, If properly coordinated, this is likely to yield good results and the deficiency of budget can be surmounted. The government would take steps to manage the funds in such a way that the tourism related departments will be asked to pool their resources with regard to such schemes which will be monitored at the level of Chief Minister through the Tourism Department Board. In addition to the above the TSP will include the budget of the Tourism DevelopmentBoard / Department as well as the private investment likely to flow in through public private.
Infrastructure development:
Infrastructure development Demand driven tourismInfrastructure in Himachal Pradesh has come up in some of the major tourist destinations like Shimla, Manali, Dalhousie, Mcleodganj, Kasauli and Chail. With rapid increasing tourist influx and expending hotel accommodation in these areas, the civic infrastructures are under serious strain. The State Government therefore proposes to upgrade the civic infrastructure in the above towns on priority. The funds raised by the Tourism
Department/TDB through GOI under their various schemes will also be used to strengthen this area. Private investment in infrastructure will be welcomed with open arms. Priority areas will include setting up of hill stations, spas and resorts , ski slopes,airports, tourist centres, multiplexes, parking areas, entertainment centres, amusement parks ,ropeway , golf course, 4/5 Star Hotels, standardized budget accommodation etc.In service like tourism, availability of skilled work force is essential for delivery of professional services of the highest order. The Government will invest in human resource development so that the managerial and technical skill is made available with the State .Presently the State has one Food Craft Institute cum Hotel Management Institute at Kufri. The Department will endeavor to open FCI’s one in Kangra District and another in Kullu.
New Marketing Strateg:- In order to bring the State on to the international tourist map and to increase the inflow of the tourists the following actions will be taken up for strengthening the marketing
strategy of the State:
1. Creation of ‘Destination Himachal Funds’ which will be a joint effort of Tourism
. Development Board, the major Temple Trusts and the private sector.
2. Printing of new brochures, posters and other tourist literature.
3. Developing 10 minutes, 20 minutes tourism films in order to telecast in the electronic channels and also display during the tourism fairs/ marts.
4. Up-gradation of Information Centres. These centers will not only provide information but also provide booking facilities for HPTDC & Private Hotels for reservation of accommodation/ transportation, cloakroom etc.
5. Installation of touch screen kiosks with full information about the State at important international airports/national airports and railway stations of the country.
6. Participation in leading national and international tourism fairs. In this the private sector
will also be involved so put up a unified ‘Destination Himachal’ campaign’.
7. Organization of tourism events in the State particularly during the off season in order to attract the large number of tourists.
8. Providing information about the state through modern means like website, e-mail, around the clock toll free tourist assistance, and helpline etc.
9. Release of advertisements in the electronic and print media.
10.Organize familiarization tours of the leading tour operators of the country and overseas in the State.
11. Conduct of buyer- seller meets.
12. Professional guides to be trained and encouraged .
13. Signage’s of the international class will be installed on the national, state and at the
important tourist highways and stations.
Himachal, because of its natural scenic beauty attracts several film makers for shooting of films, TV serials etc. Presently they have to seek permission for shooting from various departments. The government proposes to declare Commissioner22 cum-Director Tourism
as the sole authority for granting all type of permissions related to film shootings and the fee thus be collected by the Tourism department could be further remitted to the concerned department. In addition to this the department will invite investment from private parties for setting up of the film cities, studios and hiring of filming equipment etc. for which govt.
land could be provided on ppp basis. Pro active action would also be taken to attract film shooting parties to Himachal.
Improving connectivity: Connectivity whether by road, rail of air is of essence if tourism has to grow. Presently the State has three existing airports at Jubbar Hatti, Bhuntar and at Gaggal. These airports are being upgraded for landing of a larger capacity aircrafts. The airport at Pathankot is also being opened for the use of civilians where Boeing will land. This will give a big boost to tourism to the State especially to Kangra and Chamba regions. The Government has also taken up the matter regarding setting up of an International airport near Sundernagar. Operating more affordable flights into Himachal
would not only promote travel tourism but also make viability for the aviation companies to start heli-taxies services in the State. Helicopter taxi services would extend the reach of higher end tourists to soak in the delights of culturally and geographically rich hinterland of Himachal. The State has 55 helipads available for the services.The State Government is also making efforts for the introduction of more special trains from various destinations in the country upto Kalka and Pathankot.The network of national and state highways is also being strengthened for all tourist destinations.
The state government shall also seek to provide safe, economical and reliable transport within the state as well as across state boarders. The government shall also evolve a mechanism to simplify the collection of taxes and levies so as to facilitate the unhindered movement of tourist in the state.
Strengthening of Tourism Development Board:- The State Government has set up a Tourism Development Board under the chairmanship of Hon’ble Chief Minister to formulate policy guidelines for development and promotion of Tourism Industry in the State and to advise the State Government on matters regarding regulation and licensing in the Tourism Industry. Efforts will be made to increase the resources of the Board so that the Board can carry out various developmental and other tourism promotional activities. The income of the Board will be built up through the user changes levied being level by Tourism Deptt., income from PPP projects, lease money, income from Tourism Councils etc. The Board will generally undertake improvements in the tourist areas, provide assistance to the Department of Tourism and to the Tourism Development Councils. The Manali model of collection of green fee from tourists will be replicated in other major tourism destinations. The funds so clleected will be scrutinized for 10/15 years and sizeable Tourism Master Plans created and implemented in time bound manner.
Private sector investment:- In order to attract investors, it is necessary to simplify the procedures to facilitate genuine investors. The projects where forest/revenue clearances are needed will be dealt on priority within a specified time not exceeding 90. In order to promote rural tourism and to give incentive to the entrepreneurs, luxury tax will be exempted for units up to five rooms.
In addition to this, the electricity and water charges will also be reduced to give fillip to investment in tourism projects in rural areas. This incentive will be provided to the promoters for a period of 10 years from the date of their commercial operation. The Government will consider assigning the task of Luxury tax collection on the pattern of collection to the Tourism Department of State Road Tax (SRT) in Transport Department. The funds so collected by the department shall form part of the resources of the Board.Single window clearances for tourism projects on the pattern of the single system
.Industries Department has been made applicable. The suitable Government land either through land bank or otherwise available in the State will be transferred to the Tourism Department, which will be further leased out to the private entrepreneurs strictly on the oen competitive bidding basis.
Effective regulation:- The State Government has passed the H.P. Registration Tourist Trade Act, 2002. It calls for inspection and checking of the hotels, travel agencies against over charging, sub standard service etc. The Government proposes to carry out the inspection work by delegating necessary powers and also by involving the Hotel Associations. The Tourist Police in the State will be strengthened concept of by placing a cadre of 500 police and home guards personnel who will be trained for regulating tourism related activities. They will be provided with special uniforms/distinguishing mark and will assist the tourist.
The Tourist Information Centres will be manned apart from the Deptt /TDB staff by the students of Hotel Management Institute and MTA( University).
The State government will take steps to ensure proper hygienic conditions and to prevent the exploitation of tourists on national and state highways and at tourist places. The Government proposes to classify the dhabbas situated on the National and State highways. The classification will be done on the basis of facilities provided, hygienic condition, quality of the food, availability of toilets, parkings etc. The government will encourage ethnic
Himachal cuisine in these dhabbas. Similarly all the Tourism Units in the State will be classified as per facilities provided so that the tourists get their value for money. The Hotel Associations will be actively involved. To promote excellence in tourism, the government will institute monetary and non-monetary awards for institutions and individuals for their outstanding contribution in various sectors of tourism like; accommodation, catering, transport, travel agency, eco-friendliness, cleanliness etc. This scheme will be administered by a State level committee consisting of experts, representatives of the tourist trade and government officers.
THRUST AREAS
In order to achieve the policy objectives indicated above the Department / Board has identified thrust areas for action and follow up some of which are as follows:-
Rural Tourism
The fruits of tourism must percolate down to the rural areas in order that it is truly sustainable and responsible. For this the Deptt / Board proposes that of Rural Tourism villages are identified and notified by the Deptt. The precondition for declaring these as RT villages would be that they must predominantly have traditional architecture and an MOU would be signed with the Panchayat that this would be maintained .The villagers may modify their houses internally but they must maintain their traditional outer façade. o For
the sake of easier marketing these villages must be near to the existing tourist centre which will also ensure dispersal of tourist to the rural areas and promote decongestion. o These would be dovetailed with the Govt of India Ministry of Tourism Scheme under which funding is available up to Rs 5 lacs This would be used to create infrastructure like roads , streets, drainage, lighting, parking ,bus stand, water supply ,sanitation , tourist reception centre , rural museum, open air theatre , parks , nature trails,crafts bazaar etc This could also be funded from the Deptt / Board funds.
In such notified villages there would be no luxury tax or commercial rates for electricity up to 5 bed room home steads.
The existing schemes of the Deptt would be reviewed and efforts would be made to provide funds for renovating the homesteads and providing grant /loans to the weaker section of the society .The Deptt would actively work with the Deptt of Rural Development and nationalised banks for tying up in this regard.
The government proposes that in these home steads Himachali/ local food will be served. Linkage would be sought to promote local handicrafts and cultural toupes
The procedure for registration of village tourism guest houses shall be simplified and adequate publicity given to the facilities available.
The above scheme would be made applicable mutus mutandi to Heritage and Orchard tourism.
The State has a number of old palaces, forts, havelies and other beautiful buildings in rural areas which if properly developed could become important tourist destinations themselves. The Government shall encourage the development of such sites for use as tourist accommodation and such new heritage hotels located in rural areas shall be exempted
from the luxury tax for a period of five years.
The Government would endeavour to associate the Archaeological Survey of India and private sector in the development of such sites.
Shimla evokes memories linked to the Raj, the freedom movement and in more recent times events such as the ‘Simla Agreement’. A monumental testimony to the times of the Raj are buildings like the Viceregal Lodge, which now houses the Indian Institute of Advanced Study , the Gaiety Theatre and more than a hundred other heritage buildings. Tourism
Deptt./ Board will endeavour to preserve these heritage buildings including
churches and graves and promote nostalgia tourism linked to the colonial and freedom struggle era.Apple and orchard tourism is also an area of focus as in the Distts of Shimla , Kinnaur , Kullu and parts of Mandi Distt traditional farm houses could be converted into home steads wherein the tourists could enjoy the beauty right from apple blossom to harvesting. Apple Festival celebrated annually would be continued with active involvement of the Horticulture Deptt and the Hotel Association.
The Deptt./Board will co-ordinate with the watershed/livelihood related projects like Mid- Himalaya Watershed Dev. Project funded by World Bank so that rural/eco tourism can be furthered in these project areas.
Eco Tourism:-Himachal offers a new era of nature enjoyment and learning. It also provides visitors an excellent exposure to the temperate forests. This makes it an ideal area for developing eco-tourism activities like jungle safaris, trekking, rock climbing, forest trails, nature walks, angling (esp. golden mahaseer and brown trout), camping etc.. All these activities are to be conducted in a manner that promotes awareness of the environment and helps maintain the ecological balance.
The eco tourism projects being predominantly situated in forest lands are technically under the Forest Deptt. which has already formulated an Eco Tourism policy in consultation
with the Tourism Deptt. under this Ecotourism Societies have been established on CBET (Community Based Eco-Tourism basis) to cover the Great Himalayan National Park (Kullu), Himalayan Nature Park (Shimla), Renuka Wildlife Sanctuary (Sirmour) and Potter’s Hill Van Vihar (Shimla).
The Government will harness the tourism potential of forests in the state by
developing camping sites with basic infrastructure facilities and other public convenience services. A nominal fee shall also be determined by the Government for the use of camping site for the maintenance and for the conservation of these forests. The private parties shall be encouraged for setting up of such camping sites on erwerorment friendly basis. The Government will endeavour to open forest rest houses for the tourists through the society
.These would be run on community based eco tourism tenets or through public private partnership with companies with good track record of working in Eco - tourism.
Wildlife Tourism: It is an integral part of Eco Tourism . Himachal Pradesh has a varied topography, climate and forest cover and is endowed with a vast variety of flora and fauna
.At present there are 32 Sanctuaries, 2 National Parks and 3 Game Reserves. The sanctuaries include Simbalwara (Sirmour), Churdhar, Chail (Solan), Maharana Pratap Sagar
(Kangra) Manali (Kullu), Kanwar (Kullu), Kalatop Khajjiar (Chamba) and Daranghati (Shimla). The National Parks are Pin Valley National Park, Spiti and the Great Himalayan National Park, Kullu; the Nature parks are at Kufri (Shimla), Manali (Kullu) and Gopalpur (Kangra). The Tourism Deptt proposes to work actively with the Wild life Wing of the Forest Deptt to further develop and improve wild life parks/zoos, bird watching towers and other public utility services for the facility of the tourists. A reasonable fee shall be determined by the Government for use of such parks/zoos for its maintenance.
Development of Lakes and wetlands: It is also part of eco tourism .The State Government will make special efforts to make natural and man made lakes as important tourist destinations. Steps will be taken to maintain and enhance their beauty by undertaking development in an integrated manner. Facilities for water sports in Maharana Pratap Sagar, Chamera and Gobind sagar will be developed to International standard and national and international level events will also be organised to popularize these destinations. Maharana Pratap sagar will be developed as a world class water sports destination with the financial assistance of
the Central Government in order to develop activities like water sports, angling, bird watching, setting up of house boats, development of artificial beaches etc.. The Government will also encourage the private sector to set up houseboats and operate shikaras in the Maharana Pratap Sagar. Improvement of the forest rest houses will also be carried out in the area and will also be made available to the tourists in order to accommodate them.
Pilgrimage Tourism:- Himachal has emerged as an important pilgrim destination. A largenumber of religious tourists visit sacred shrines of Himachal Pradesh through out the year. A large number of religious places for people of almost all religions are situated in the State. The State Government propose to develop wayside/civic amenities, parkings, landscaping and beautification around the temple, Sulabh Shauchalyas, drinking water, garbage disposal etc. at these religious places in coordination with the temple trusts on the lines of Vaishnoo Devi Trust. During important festivals special measures will be taken up for the safety and security of the tourists like setting up of information centres, tented colonies to accommodate tourists and to deploy special Tourist Police Force on the lines of Vaisnoo Devi As a deliberate policy the Deptt / Board will make efforts to integrate
the important temples of Himachal with Vaishnoo Devi in J&K or the Chaar Dhaam in Uttaranchal. The Deptt. / Board will work in coordination with the Deptt of Language Art and Culture and also the Temple Trusts so that Tourist information centres are established in all the major temples and run by the temple trusts.
Adventure Tourism:- The Tourism Deptt./ Board will make comprehensive adventure tourism promotion plan for the State and shall lay down the regulatory framework for enforcement of safety standards. For the promotion of adventure sports, the department
/Board will impart training in different sports to the youths. International competitions in such sports will be organised for attracting participants not only from the country but also from the abroad in coordination with the Deptt. of Sports. The Tourism Deptt / Board will support all efforts to promote and set up adventure sports schools at various locations in order to train more youths inParagliding, Rafting, WaterSports, Angling, Sking, Mountaineering, Motor Sports etc. in coordination with the WHMI Manali and the State Level Associations. The Deptt / Board will help the WHMI in setting up more Sub Centres in the State to take adventure tourism the hitherto unexplored places. It will assist in training the local youth in adventure tourism so that they also benefit through employment
& other means. Similarly it will work at tandem with Forest Deptt and the Eco Tourism
Societies to meet the above ends
The State was the first and continues to be the only State, which has heli-skiing in the country. This attracts foreigners and quality tourists with paying capacity to some of the best powder-snows that the world can offer. The experience in this venture has been very positive despite the initial apprehensions about possible disturbances to the environment
and fauna. It is proposed to expand the concept of heli-skiing by introducing activities like heli-trekking and cross-country skiing. Conventional skiing and setting up of more ski lifts and ski resorts in the public private partnership will be a major thrust area.
The Chanshal range beyond Rohru which has great potential will specially be explored. The State started promoting paragliding from 1984 onwards. Himachal is now the leading States in the country in this field. Bir Billing in Kangra , Solang and Marhi in Kullu , Bilaspur , Kasauli etc will continue as important centres for the sport. More areas will be explored and opened up with the objective of providing a source of livelihood to the local youth. The Bir Billing Pre World Cup Event will continue to be an annual event. A paragliding School will be opened at Dhelu. Bir Billing will be developed over the years into a top class paragliding destination internationally on self financing basis with the local community benefiting the most. The Tourism Deptt in tandem with the WHMI and other adventure sports operators
will encourage mountaineering expeditions internationally Similarly Trekking and adventure sports activities will be undertaken on large scale through WHMI on sustainable basis especially during the holiday season for school and collage students.
The Deptt / Board will continue to hold annual events of as many adventure sports activities as possible through their respective associations – paragliding, river rafting ,sailing, mountain biking , endurance events , marathons , motoring events , vintage car rallies (biannually) etc. The objective is that eventually all these events must become self
sustainable. One of the major aims in this area will be to get the latest technology in the field of adventure sports in terms of equipments and know how be it skiing / ropeway projects, water sports or paragliding .All PPP projects in this field of adventure tourism will have this as a necessary precondition.
Promoting Unexplored Himachal :- The main tourism circuits in Himachal are fairly wel known and even remote districts like Lahaul-Spiti and Kinnaur are now becoming popular destinations to relax and unwind. Himachal also has many undiscovered spots with unspoiled charm that are worth a visit for a quiet rewarding holiday spent amidst the splendour of nature away from the crowds. The State Government will made special efforts to develop unexplored destinations with the assistance of Central Government, to improve the sanitation, roads, parkings, toilets, accommodation, beautification and land scaping of tourist interest places, wayside amenities etc. Efforts will be made to keep these new areas neat and clean and only limited construction will be allowed, so that these areas may not become over saturated and the construction so allowed will preserve the architecture and ecology of the State.Some of these areas include:
o Lahoul o Spiti o Kinnaur o Jhanjheli o Jot Chamba o Rajgarh
o Chindio Barot o Rohru Chansal o Sarahan and Bashal Dhar
Ever since the opening-up of tribal/border areas of Himachal Pradesh to foreigners, the number of domestic and foreign tourists visiting these tribal areas has increased manifold. Lahaul-Spiti and Kinnaur districts have emerged as important destinations. Yet compared to the potential it is just a trickle. These areas being enormously rich in culture the effort
would be to invite culturally conscious tourists who enjoy the quality and difference of experience.
Preservation of the cultural uniqueness of these areas therefore will remain the prime concern of the Government. The Government will only allow such construction, which preserve the architecture and ecology of the area The private sector will continue to be encouraged to set up guest houses for which subsidy will be provided form the State budget. Tented accommodation will be encouraged with local participation so that
maximum benefits accrue to the local economy The centuries old monasteries are also being upgraded where foreign tourists show lot of interest.
Tourism Councils will be set up under the Tourism Act 2000 in these areas so that some fee is charged from the trekkers /tourists the proceeds of which will go to the local Panchayats for the maintenance and upkeep of the tourism related infrastructure and for regulating tourism on sustainable basis. The Deptt. will take up the opening up of Tribal / Border areas further so that the present restrictions on travel in the inner line areas is removed. The Manali Leh route which has already become a favourite for both domestic as well as international tourists will be further improved in coordination with the Govt of J & K and efforts would be made to link it to the Buddhist Circuits of Shimla – Kinnaur- Spiti – Udaipur -Pangi andPalampur -Dharamshala-Dalhousie.
Health Tourism:- There is tremendous scope to set up spas, health resorts, recuperative centres etc. all over the State. Himachal Pradesh has an enormous wealth of medicinal plants. Herbal Gardens, Herbal Trails will be developed as tourist attractions The Tourism Department /Board in collaboration with Department of Indian System of Medicine, Department of Ayurveda and Forests will organize such tours which will further develop
awareness and interest about medicinal plants amongst the school children and tourists. The Government also proposes to develop spa /health resorts in association with the private sector at various locations in the State. The Government will also harness the potential of Panchkarma and start it in a big way in the State in order to attract large number of tourist
for Panchkarma treatment. Training the youth in Panchkarma will be undertaken through the Deptt .of Ayurveda who will then be employed in spas and health resorts.
.
POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Realizing the potential that tourism offers, the State government has striven to develop this sector as a major source of employment generation without disturbing ecology and environment. The State government seeks to transform the State into a "destination for all seasons and all reasons" and increase the share of Tourism in the State Domestic Product to
15% by 2020.GoHP has formulated “Tourism Policy of Himachal Pradesh 2000” which has been revisedin 2005 and “Policy on Development of Ecotourism, 2001” to promote
economically,culturally and ecologically sustainable tourism in Himachal Pradesh and generation ofemployment opportunities. The policy also endorses private sector participation in tourismto generate employment and providing new infrastructure. The objectives of the policy are:
• To establish HP as a leading tourist destination in the country and abroad;
• To make tourism a prime engine for economic development;
• To encourage sustainable private sector participation in creation of tourism infrastructure
• To promote environmentally sustainable tourism;
• To attract quality tourist and increase their stay;
• To safeguard natural and manmade heritage; and
• To position HP as a one stop destination for adventure tourism
Go HP has enacted Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development and Registration Act 2002 to promote tourism and regulate tourism activity. Under the Act, every tourism unit including
hotels, resorts, motels, restaurants and bars, amusement parks, golf courses etc, travel agent
or a guide, adventure sports operator are required to have registration with Tourism
Department
GoHP has established Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Board under Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development and Registration Act, 2002. The Board is chaired by Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh. The functions of the Board include:
1. Formulate policies for development and promotion of tourism industries in the state;
2. Development of new tourist destinations and undertake improvement in the tourist areas;
3. Promote private sector participation; and
4. Mobilize investments for development of infrastructure and destination
Go HP has constituted Tourism Development Council for Shimla and Manali under Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development and Registration Act, 2002. The functions of Tourism Development Council are
1. Provide and maintain tourism related services;
2. Assist the local body in maintaining infrastructural facilities at tourist spots;
3. Build and maintain tourism and recreational facilities which may enhance the tourism value of the area;
4. Prepare tourism master plan for area; and
5. Maintain and operate a tourism destination fund
The Council can also raise the resources for development of infrastructure and facilities by way of fees, cess etc. However, Tourism Destination Fund has yet not been established
for Shimla Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation (HPTDC) established in
1972 has been mandated to develop tourism infrastructure and extending tourists facilities in state of Himachal Pradesh. It provides tourism services including accommodation with on line booking facility, catering, transport etc. In Shimla, HPTDC is responsible for
1. Development of Tourism Infrastructure;
2. Operation and Maintenance of Lift; 3. Information Kiosk
ISSUES AND CONCERNS
• Shimla has become more of a weekend tourism destination with bag packers adding stress to existing strained infrastructure without contributing much to the economy. The origin survey conducted by Tourist Economic Survey Report 2002 indicates that more than 38% tourist origin from neighboring Punjab, Haryana and Delhi
• Due to lack of adequate air connectivity, international quality tourism infrastructure and tourism activities, Shimla lacks high-end tourism with higher revenue potential. The foreign tourist constitutes only 3.4% of the total tourist flow to Shimla
• Presently, the duration of stay is very low limited to 1.35 days. This is due to lack of enough tourism activities/options for various category of tourists
• Except for road connectivity, Shimla lacks adequate rail and air connectivity for promotion of tourism
• About 80% of the tourists coming to Shimla are using own vehicles demanding parking
• facilities. The survey conducted with tourists indicated that the locating parking facility forvehicles is the major hassle in the town. The inadequate parking and water supply are major constraints faced by the tourism service providers in attracting tourists
• Lack of basic infrastructure especially water supply is the constraint in giving permissions for development of new tourism infrastructure like theme parks, resorts etc
• Limited vertical accessibility to Mall area due to restricted roads for old and disabled tourist
• Lack of trained tourist guides who can promote history, culture and heritage of Shimla
• Tourism economy in Himachal Pradesh shows fluctuation and depends on the law and order situation in neighboring Jammu and Kashmir. Also, competing facilities in neighboring Uttranchal is threat to tourism in HP
VISION AND GOALS
•“Engine of Sustainable Economic Growth for Shimla”
Indicator 2006 2011 2016 2021
Description 2006 2011 2016 2021
High End Tourism
(in Lakhs) 0.6 2.64 8.0 24.6
Duration of Stay
(in Days) 1.35 2.5 3.5 3.5
THE GROWTH IN TOURIST ARRIVALS SINCE 2002, IS SHOWN IN THE FOLLOWING CHART BELOW:
PROJECT INFORMATION SHEETS of Himachal
Pradesh
01. Project Title: Development of Nature Park at Craignano
Project Description: GoHP has proposed the Nature Park at Craignano. The 40 bigha land available with GoHP has been transferred to Forest Department for the proposed project. The project shall include-
Arboretum Nursery
Vermi-composting Demonstration Plan Open air amphitheatre
Greenhouses Garden Café
Picnic pavilion Administration and education building
Project Benefits: -
Ex-situ conservation of endangered and rare species of Himalayan flora- Awareness generation, education, research-
Recreation and tourism
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 1500 Lakhs
Revenue Sources : Entrance Fee, Souvenir Sale, Nursery
Implementation Structure : The project shall be implemented by Forest Department
Financing Mechanism : Capital cost to be financed by Forest Department using funds to raised through grant under JNNURM and loan; O&M Cost to be recovered from revenue stream of Nature Park
Time Frame: Project Development : 2007-2008; Implementation 2008-2009
Institutional Responsibility: GoHP
Preparatory Activity for Implementation: Preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
02. Project Title: Upgradation of Naldhera Golf Course to International
Standard
Project Description: Naldhera Golf Course established by Lord Curzon 1905 is a heritage property managed by HPTDC. The golf course is located at an altitude of
2200 m. is unique Himalayan golf course with huge natural glade surrounded by a thick cedar forest. The golf course characterized by undulating fairways, elevated tees, greens nestled between massive trees has potential to become major international golfing destination. In order to attract high end tourist, GoHP intends to upgrade the golf course to international standards The upgradation of golf course shall include - Extension to 18 holes-
Project Benefits: -
Attraction for high end tourism- Improvement of economy of the city
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 500 Lakhs
Revenue Sources : Green Fees/Membership Fees
Implementation Structure : The project shall be implemented by Tourism Department and HPTDC
Financing Mechanism : Capital cost to be financed by HPTDC using funds to raised through grant under JNNURM and loan; O&M Cost to be recovered from revenue stream of Golf Club
Time Frame: Project Development : 2007; Implementation : 2008
Institutional Responsibility: GoHP and HPTDC
Preparatory Activity for Implementation: Preparation of layout plan by Golf
Designer/Architect and Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:- Promotion and marketing of the Golf Course in international market
Additional Studies:
03.Project Title: Development of Theme Park
Project Description: The theme park which will promote Himachali culture is envisaged on line of Choki Dhani in Rajasthan
Project Benefits: -
Promotion of Himachali culture and art - Helps in sustenance of tourism economy
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 500 Lakhs
Revenue Sources : Entrance Fee, Souvenir Sale, Food and Beverage
Implementation Structure : The project shall be implemented by Tourism Department through Private Sector Participation
Financing Mechanism : Capital cost to be financed by Private Sector while GoHP may provide the land on lease; O&M Cost to be recovered from revenue stream of Theme Park
Time Frame: Project Development : 2007; Implementation : 2008
Institutional Responsibility: GoHP and Private Sector
Preparatory Activity for Implementation: Project Development for inviting private sector
Related Programme, Plan and Policies: Additional Studies:- Identification of land for project and detailed feasibility study
04. Project Title: Upgradation of Ice Skating Rink
Project Description: Shimla has the only natural ice-skating rink in India, which was established by British in 1920. The ice-skating rink is one of the major tourist attractions in
Shimla. An Ice-skating Carnival arranged every year in January by Ice-skating Club is famous for fancy dress competition andice hockey. GoHP has proposed to upgrade the Ice Skating Rink
Project Benefits: -
Recreation and tourism- International quality skating rink facility for promotion of winter sports
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 1000 Lakhs
Revenue Sources : Entrance Fee, Skate Rentals, Coaching Fee
Implementation Structure : The project shall be implemented by HPTDC
Financing Mechanism : Capital cost to be financed by the GoHP and HPTDC using funds to raised through grant under JNNURM and loan; O&M Cost to be recovered from revenue stream
Time Frame: Project Development : 2007; Implementation :2008
Institutional Responsibility: GoHP and HPTDC
Preparatory Activity for Implementation: Preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
05.Project Title: Upgradation of Information Centre
Project Description: Presently HPTDC is operating two tourists information centers on Cart Road and Mall Road and also provides online system for information and accommodation booking. It is proposed to upgrade the Tourist Information Centre which shall include -
Upgradation of information system - Provision of helpline-
Upgradation of Tourist Information Centre on Cart Road to 24X7- Establishment of Tourist Information Centre at new ISBT
Project Benefits: -
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 500 Lakhs
Revenue Sources: advertisement rights
Implementation Structure: The project shall be implemented by HPTDC
Financing Mechanism: Capital cost to be financed by the GoHP and HPTDC using funds to raised through grant and loan; O&M Cost to be recovered advertisement rights
Time Frame: 2009
Institutional Responsibility: GoHP and HPTDC
Preparatory Activity for Implementation: Preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
06. Project Title: Beautification of Shimla
Project Description: The proposed beautification of Shimla shall include - Lighting of heritage buildings -
Establishment of water fountains, seating benches etc
Project Benefits: -
Improvement in aesthetics of the city- Impetus to tourism
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 1000 Lakhs
Revenue Sources: advertisement rights
Implementation Structure : The project shall be implemented by HPTDC
Financing Mechanism : Capital cost to be financed by GoHP and HPTDC using funds to raised through grant under JNNURM and loan; O&M Cost to be recovered advertisement rights
Time Frame: 2012
Institutional Responsibility: GoHP and HPTDC
Preparatory Activity for Implementation: Preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:- Preparation of Master Plan for beautification
SITUATION ANALYSIS
The places of tourist attraction in Shimla include The Ridge, The Mall, Jakhoo Temple, Sankat Mochan Temple and Kufri Ski Slopes. About 1822059 tourists traveled to Shimla in Year 2005, of which about 3.4% constituted foreign tourists. The strategic location and natural setting of Shimla attracts huge domestic tourists. The average stay of tourist in Shimla is about 1.35 days.
The trend of tourist inflow to Shimla is presented in Figure
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 1. SEQ Table \* ARABIC \s 1 1 Growth of Tourist
Inflow to Shimla
Year No. of Tourists% Growth
Domestic Foreign Domestic Foreign
1998 898993 13515 - -
1999 943503 19188 5% 42%
2000 1038975 24225 10% 26%
2001 1136063 31022 9% 28%
2002 1227710 37860 8% 22%
2003 1309635 44400 7% 17%
2004 1597246 55382 22% 25%
April- July is the peak tourist season with about 55 % of total tourists visiting the city. From December onwards tourist inflow again accelerates due to coming up of snow and related winter adventure sports.
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 1. SEQ Table \* ARABIC \s 1 2 Snapshot of Tourism
Industry in Shimla
DescriptionQuantity Quantity
No. of Hotels and Guest Houses 350* No. of Restaurants 68
No. of Rooms 3699
Bed Capacity 7599
Travel Agencies 208
Tourist Guides 270
SECTORAL INVESTMENT PLAN
S.NPROJECTS PROJECT COST[1] INVESTMENT SCHEDULE
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1. Upgradation of
Naldhera Golf
Course 500 - 500 - - - -
2. Development of
Nature Park at
Craignano 1500 - 1000 - 500 - -
3. Development of
Theme Park 500 - 500 - - - -
4. Upgradation of
Skating Rink 1000 - 1000 - - - -
5. Beautification
of Shimla 1000 - 200 200 200 200 200
6. Ecotourism
Projects 1000 - 200 200 200 200 200
7. Upgradation of
Tourists
Information Centre 500 100 200 200 - - -
8. Promotion 200 50 50 50 50 - -
9. Studies and
Project 400 200 200 - - - - Developmen t
Total 6600 350 3850 1150 450 400 400
HIMACHAL PRADESH TOURISM STATISTICS
Himachal Pradesh tourism statistics -
Total number of tourists in HP in 2007: 72 lakh (720,000) [CNEI Jan 07]
Increase of foreign tourist inflow from 2005 to 2006 in HP: 20% [CNEI Jan 07]
Target for foreign tourist inflow from 2006 to 2007: 18% [CNEI Jan 07]
Number of domestic tourists in HP 2003 or 04: about 5 million (50 lakh) per year
[HT May 2004]
Number of foreign tourists in HP 2003 or 04: about 150,000 (1.5 lakh) per year
[HT May 2004]
Early season tourist influx in HP (NOT full year), from Jan 1st till apr 30th for each year listed: 1999: 519,866 domestic and 6,259 foreign
2001: 521,869 domestic and 8,171 foreign
2003: 673,914 domestic and 8,501 foreign (acc to Hindustan Times 16 May 2004)
Average tourist population in the Kulu Valley in summer: 50,000 (2003)
Number of foreign visitors to the Kulu Valley: 35,000 annually
Contribution of tourism income to the state revenue in HP: around 5 billion Rs annually
(acc. to Hindustan Times 12 May 2004); or around 2 billion Rs annually
(acc. to HindustanTimes 22 February 2004)
contribution of tourism to Himachal Pradesh's state domestic product: 2 %
HPTDC tourist facilities in Himachal: 53 hotels (including 963 rooms & 2,052 beds), 60 restaurants and cafes, 25 luxury coaches, 1 Tata Sumo.
HPTDC = Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation. Many of these assets are now up for privatisation.
Hotels in HP registered with the tourism department: 1,512 (with a bed capacity of 32,302)
Registered hotel beds in Manali: 14,000 (2003)
Number of vehicles from outside HP entering Manali: over 1,000 vehicles daily during peak season (May and June 2004)
Number of visitors to Rohtang Pass (HP) in peak season: at least 10,000 daily
(jun 2004)
Number of vehicles driving up to Rohtang Pass (HP) in peak season: over 2,000 vehicles daily (jun 2004)
Himachal Tourism's (rather naive!) advertising slogan 2004: High on Himachal
CONCLUSION
The more one thinks of the idea of how the entire tourism policy is not focused on the customer – tourist, the greater is the clear realisation of why we are failing to attract him. In the way, we have become obsessed with “tourism” but forgotten the “tourist”. It appears we want him so that our need for economic development is satisfied, while he can manage with just some good views of nature. There is an immediate need to focus on the tourist, find out what he needs, and make arrangements to provide it.
• Amend Himachal Pradesh Land Laws to bring I entrepreneurship, technology, and capital.
• Himachal Pradesh government to move out of tourism as a business activity, and shift to become a facilitator.
• Set up Himachal Pradesh tourist authority to oversee police, accreditation, standardisation and certification procedures.
• There should be clear, unambiguous, and objective targets laid down for achievement, backed up with a milestone-based strategy for implementation. This study has proposed a draft objective and strategy statement, and the same can be suitably modified.
• Currently, tourism has a narrow focus on the development of the state. This must be reoriented along marketing lines, and clearly target the tourist as a customer. The satisfied tourist will automatically look after the state’s economy.
SIGNIFICANCE
•WHY I HAVE CHOOSE THIS TOPIC?
•My concept is behind to choose this topic is to describe the natural beauty of himachal pradesh.
•To aware people towards himachal Pradesh tourism.
•And also to get the deep knowledge about himachal pradesh tourism.
•To show the culture,religion and richness of himachal pradesh.
•.
•IMP. OF HIMACHAL PRADESH TOURISM AS A STUDY
•It will give the perfect and accurate knowledge about himachal pradesh.
• tourism.it also help to guide the tourist place in himachal pradesh.
•In that the information about himachal pradesh culture,religion,fair and festivals re to be gather.
•It also show the popultion,growth rate,sex ratio and the economy of the himachal pradesh.
•Why the religion part is so rich.
•In that the mouth watering food of himachal pradesh is also describe.
•BENEFICIARY OF THE STUDY
•Those who read this project they can get knowledge about himachal pradesh. tourism . If anybody want to go there the can make a plan easily according to the project to understand where they want to go.
•And it is also useful for secondary data for those who research on this topic.
•In that the method of gathering of data is easy so everybody can go through without an1y67
problem.
Review of literature
A thorough study was done on information available about tourism from various research papers, journals and literature. The literature surveyed can be classified as shown below:
• Tourism marketing
• Sustainable tourism
• Tourism trends
• Other related articles
• News articles
01. One interesting article is by Rakesh Kapoor.in his ‘Measures To PromoteTourism In Himachal’ gives various methods and suggestions to improve tourism inHimachal According to him, each tourist place in the world, whether it be Switzerland or Kerala, have over the years developed a BRAND NAME for themselves. While Switzerland is known for its European Splendour, Kerala is known as God’s own country. In fact, Himachal is Switzerland of India. However, it requires to be marketed smartly, especially when Uttaranchal is competing with Himachal.
Objectives of the Study
• To analyze Himachal tourism using the Porter’s model.
• To analyze perceptions and satisfaction of tourists to Himachal Pradesh.
• To develop customer profiles of tourists.
• To develop some strategies to develop tourism in Himachal Pradesh.
168
Scope of the Study
• The study is confined to the development and marketing of tourism in Himachal Pradesh.
• The study analysis responses provided in the questionnaires by the tourists who have visited Himachal Pradesh.
• The study analyses perceptions, preferences, satisfactions of respondents.
02. R.N. Batta ‘Tourism and the Environment’ [‘ISBN: 8173871108’ Year :
2000 ‘Edition : First ‘Pages : 248’] Binding : Hardcover .
Objectives
(a) To establish Himachal Pradesh as a leading tourist destination in the country and abroad.
(b) To make tourism a prime engine for economic development and prosperity of the State and as a major means for providing employment.
(c) To attract quality tourist and to increase their stay in the State.
(d) To safeguard the State’s natural and manmade heritage.
03. Annamamalai university ‘B.sc hotel management and tourism’ ‘second year’ part three
169
METHODOLOGY
To Study the Culture, People and Tradition of Himachali People. Then From that to get the unexplored tourist place. To try these place understand for the first time visiting for there. Then asked the question there Agency and people are working for the places Then
analysis the survey and draw conclusion.
• I have to adopt the Methodology.
• Field Study
• Making of the Questionnaire.
• Collection of the Data’s from Primary as wall as Secondary sources.
• Use of the Internet.
• Using of Libraries
• Visiting of Himachal Pradesh.
![]()
![]()
![]()
![]()
![]()
![]()
• To promote the Himachal Pradesh at the international level.
• To describe the Himachal Pradesh culture and mouth watering Himachal Pradesh food.
• To maintain the Environment of Himachal Pradesh.
• To attract the tourist and Himachal who go away from their culture and religion.
• To increase the development rate by tourism industry.
• To establish Himachal Pradesh as a leading tourist destination in the country and abroad
• To make tourism a prime engine for economic development.
• Prosperity of the State and as a major means for providing employment.
• To encourage a strong and sustainable private sector participation in creation of tourism infrastructure especially through public private partnerships.
• To promote sustainable tourism, which is not only environmentally compatible but also leads to economic betterment of the rural people.
• To attract quality tourist and to increase their stay in the State.
• To safeguard the State’s natural and manmade heritage .
• To encourage civil societies & non-governmental organizations for promotion & the conducting of tourism related activities.
9
• To position Himachal Pradesh as a one stop destination for adventure tourism.
INTERODUCTION OF TOPIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TRAVEL AND TOURISM
• Though the words Travel and Tourism are synonymies and used interchangeably but Tourism is a wider concept and encompasses a lot more than travel alone.
• Travel implies journeys undertaken from one place to another for any purpose including journeys to work and as a part of employment, as a part of leisure and to take up residence
• whereas Tourism includes the journey to a destination and also the stay at a destination outside one’s usual place of residence and the activities undertaken for leisure and recreation.
• All tourism includes some travel, but not all travel is tourism .
• A person may often travel for a wide variety of purposes of which tourism is only one.
HIMACHAL PRADESH INTRODUCTION
Himachal Pradesh is a captivating region of the Indian Himalayas. It is often referred to as the "Magical Showcase of Nature's Splendor" ideal the Travelers
to travel, enjoy and relax. Abundant green Grassland and wide valleys set against imposing snow-clad mountains; crystal clear lakes, flowing rivers & spurting streams; fruit laden groves and soft terraces of corn and tea are characteristics of Himachal Pradesh. It is the
ultimate Travel destination of India. The state of Himachal
Pradesh has boundaries with the Jammu and Kashmir in
the North, Uttar Pradesh in the Southeast, Haryana in the South and Punjab in the West. It is located between 30"22' and 30"12' north latitude and between 75"47' and 79"4' east longitude.The mountainous state has altitudes ranging from 350 to 7000 meters (1050 ft. to
21000 ft.) above the sea level. The mountain state of Himachal Pradesh, in the beginning, was formed as a centrally administered territory on April 15, 1948 by the consolidation of
30 hill provinces of Punjab. It became a Part C State under a Lieutenant Governor, with a Legislative Assembly of 36 members and a Cabinet of three ministers in 1951. In 1954, Bilaspur, anotherPart C State, was integrated with Himachal Pradesh and the strength of the Assembly was raised to 41 members. In 1956, the States Re-organization Commission recommended the unification of Himachal Pradesh with Punjab. But the people of
Himachal Pradesh opposed and the proposal was overruled Till October 1966,
11
Himachal Pradesh comprised only of six hill districts of Mahasu, Mandi, Chamba, Sirmaur, Bilaspur and Kinnaur. In November 1966, it was expanded with the inclusion of some of the hilly towns of Punjab like Shimla, Kangra, Kullu, Lahaul, Spiti, Nalagarh tehsil of Ambala district, and areas of Hoshiarpur and Gurdaspur districts. Himachal Pradesh was formed into
10 districts and was declared a state on January 25, 1971, with Shimla as its capital. The 12 districts of Bilaspur, Chamba, Hamirpur, Kangra, Kinnaur, Kullu, Lahaul & Spiti, Mandi, Shimla, Sirmaur, Solan and Una were re-organized into the districts of the state in 1972-73.
Today, Himachal Pradesh is one of the most important travel destinations in India. The high hills of Himalayas attract the travelers from all over the world. Himachal Pradesh has plenty of hill resorts, pilgrimage centers, adventure sports destinations & wildlife that attracts a wide range of tourist traffic.
Himachal Pradesh India has several travel plans for the visitors to Himachal Pradesh. We have made special
travel packages in collaboration with the leading Holiday Resorts and Hill Resorts of Himachal Pradesh. Travel to Himachal Pradesh with Himachal Pradesh India and relish the unmatched beauty of Himachal Pradesh. We also offer exciting Honeymoon Packages for the newly wed couples as well as young-at-heart married couples. Our committed team of travel professionals endeavors to give you out-of-world travel plans for Himachal Pradesh. Travel
to Himachal Pradesh and experience for yourself. 12
FACTS AND FIGURES OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
Area 55,673 sq km
Population 6,077,248
Religion Hinduism (95.89 %), Buddhists etc. Annual Rainfall 180 cm
Maximum Temperature 30°C Minimum Temperature 2°C Capital Shimla
Language Hindi, English and Himachali
Literacy Rate 77.13%
Per Capita Income Rs. 18,920 in 2000-01
Urbanization Ratio 8.7% (1991)
Best Time to Visit March to October
13
HIMACHAL PRADESH HISTORY
Ancient History:- The foothills of Himachal were inhabited by people from the Indus Valley Civilization which flourished between 2700 and 1750BC.On the fringes of this great civilization lived the original inhabitants of the land, the Kols & Mundas.
These people were variously called Dasas, Dasyus and Nishads in the Vedas.The Vedas are the oldest compositions of the Aryans
a group which came in around 1500BC from Central Asia and settled in the fertile plains of the Punjab.
In eastern Himachal, in the area that is now
Lahaul, Kinnaur & Spiti, dwelled the Chamangs
& Damanags. It was around that time that an offshoot of the Aryan race, the Khashas, entered the Himachal arena and became the new masters of the land. Another phase of migration took place with the coming of the Bhotas and Kiratas, the Mongoloids.
14
Ancient Mythology Depicts Ancient History of Himachal:- Much information about Himachal’s ancient history is given in epics like the Mahabharata and the Ramayana and other scriptures like the Vedas and the Puranas.The Mahabharata mentions the janapadas (some sort of a kingdom) of Kuluta (Kullu), Trigarta (Kangra), Kulind (Shimla hills and Sirmaur) Yugandhar (Bilaspur and Nalagarh), Gobdika (Chamba) and Audumbar.
The Rig Veda mentions the rivers which flow through Himachal. The text also talks about Shambar, the powerful king of these hills before advent of the Aryans, and his 99 strong forts in the region between the Beas and the Yamuna rivers. His war with the Aryan chief, Divodas, lasted 12 long years, wherein the latter emerged victorious. The Puranas too, mention Himachal, calling it all sorts of nice names One significant happening during the time of the great war of Mahabharata (circa 1400BC) was the founding of the Katoch monarchy of Kangra by King Susharma Chandra. This Susharma Chandra is
supposed to have sided with the Kaurava borthers in their war against the Pandavas. Kangra was probably named as Bhim Kot (fort of Bhim) after Bhima, one of the Pandavas.
The Mauryan Empire(400bc):- The vast Mauryan Empire of old (4th to 2nd BC) extended its boundaries well into Himachal. Chandragupta’s grandson, Ashoka (3rd BC), even introduced Buddhism in here and erected many stupas. One of those stupas existed in Kullu Valley, which the Chinese traveller Hiuen Tsang (630-45AD) talks about in his writings.
15
Thakurs & Ranas become powerful in the valley :- After the Mauryas, the land cameto be ruled by petty chiefs known as thakurs and ranas. Their states were small in size and boundaries constantly changing due to wars with neighbours. (of course they also never united in the face of outside invasions.) However, in Mandi and the adjoining areas of Suket (present day Sundernagar) and Kullu, these ranas and thakurs were quite powerful and retained their independence for a long time.of these principalities, Trigarta (Kangra) is known to have had great administration and reached a high level of development. It came to be regarded as the land of legendary wealth. Kuluta (Kullu) is also known to have had an organized administration under the Pal kings. Their capital was at Jagatsukh.
The Rule of Raja Maru (500–800 AD):- In 500AD, Raja Maru founded Brahmapura (present day Bharmaur) in the Chamba valley and began the long Varman dynasty Everywhere else too, kings seemed to be rising from sleep. Rajender Sen of Spiti invaded Kullu (in around 650AD), but two reigns later the Pal king recovered it. The next great king after the Mauryans to establish an empire of worth was Harshavardhana (early 7th century) Most of the small states in HP acknowledged his overall supremacy. Harsha’s capital was at Thaneshwar (now in Haryana) and later at Kannauj (in Uttar Pradesh). After the break-up o his empire there was, once again, great political upheaval. A new class called the Rajputs
came on the scene after having been vanquished by those of the plains. Some of the
kingdoms they founded were Nurpur, Jubbal, Keonthal, Baghat, Baghal, and Sirmaur.But theVarmans peacefully sat on the throne of Brahmapura one after the other for quite some time.In two successive wars with Kullu, Meru Varman (700AD) killed the Pal kings and
expanded his kingdom from the Ravi valley to as far as the present capital..
16
Rajput's kahluria clan(800-1000 ad) :- In the meantime, Harihar Chand from Bundelkhand landed in Bilaspur (circa 900AD).This marked the origin of the Kahluria clan of Rajputs. The Chands remained the ruling family of Kahlur and the credit of making it a strong state goes to Bir Chand. The Kiras, who came
from Baijnath (which was also known Kirangama or land of the Kiras) in Kangra, occupied Brahmapura for a While around 800AD, but the next Varman promptly won it back.Chamba (the present town) was made the new capital in 930AD, thanks to the whim the princess Spiti was invaded by Tibetans &
Ladakhis who overthrew the ruling Hindu Sen dynasty. The Pal rajas of Kullu lent a helping hand to the invaders and was rewarded with some villages in Spiti.
Medieval Period:- Many new states came into bein during this phase. The relatively larger states like Chamba, Kullu, Kangra and Mandi were broken into
Smaller kingdoms.Some of the new states were Guler, Siba, Datarpur, Handur & Koti. It was also during this time that India Dutch and Portuguese left their impact on the political
& ministrative setup of the various states. often it so happened that some relative of the
kings of the Delhi Sultanate or was hit by a wave of invaders from Central Asia, W. Asia & Europe. Himachal, unfortunately, was the entry point for most of them. The Pathans, Lodis, Mughals, British, the Mughals rebelled against the ruler and then sought refuge in the mountainous & hilly tracts of Himachal and Punjab. But thanks to the difficult terrain and harsh climatic conditions, the Sultanate kings and the Mughals could never really establish their authority over the kingdoms in Himachal. However, some places like Kangra did catch the Mughals’ keen eye.
17
Period of foreign invadors (1000-1400 AD):- This period marked the beginning of foreign invasions. The Kangra fort was mercilessly looted by Mahmud of Ghazni in 1009 and many more such attacks followed. Muhammad Tughlaq captured the fort in 1337 while his successor, Firoz Shah Tughlaq, held his sway over it in 1351.The kingdom of Hindur (present Nalagarh) was founded as an off shoot of Kahlur (Bilaspur) by Ajai Chand in the
12th century. Among the other major happenings was the invasion of Lahaul, Spiti and Kullu by Lahchen-rgyalpo of West Tibet/Ladakh between 1030-1080. Bahu Sen (from Suket) settled in Manglan in Kullu, where his descendants lived for 11 generations. This was the beginning of the dynasty of the Sens of Mandi. Later Ajbar Sen became the first true king of Mandi.
Mughal influence(1500-1700 AD):-In the early 16th century Mughal influence
was beginning to be felt in Chamba and Kangra. Sadly the states were quarrelling between
themselves thus making things even more complicated for themselves.In the meantime, the
Sens of Mandi had become really strong and their kingdom big. Ajbar Sen (1527-34) became their grand ruler. But then in the mid-17th century the Kullu army ran over Mandi. Spiti, which was under Ladakh until this time, became independent in the
late 16th century when the Baltis conquered
Ladakh. But only for brief period, for the son of Jamyang Namgyal, the king of Ladakh, got it all back. Meanwhile Chamba fought with Kangra (1559), where the latter was defeated. But in a fight with Nurpur (which had Mughal support), Chamba lost. So Jagat Singh of
18
Nurpur ruled Chamba till 1641, after which Prithvi Singh liberated his motherland.
Luckily for Prithvi Singh, the Mughals stayed put and did not intervene. The Mughal armies finally barged into the Kangra fort in 1620, and Jahangir (ruled 1605-27) went visiting there two years later. But the Mughals left it at that, for they were a non-interfering lot in these hills.Kullu invaded Spiti (still under Ladakh) in 1680. Not being much into war, the people of Spiti always remained at the mercy of neighbours like Ladakh, Kullu and Bushahr. The normal course for the Spitians was to flee to the mountains whenever they were attacked! Jammu, too, started sending feelers towards the end of the 17th century. Udai Singh was the first Jammu king to make his way into Kangra and Chamba Hills. But the most important happening around this time was the rise of the Sikhs under the leadership of Guru Govind Singh. Invited by the ruler of Sirmaur to fight the Mughals they settled in Paonta Sahib and visited Mandi too.
Sansar chand become A powerful ruler(1700-1800 AD):- The hill rulers continued warring well into this period. Sansar Chand (of the famed Katoch dynasty) of Kangra became a mighty figure in the latter half of the 18th century. He went around plundering
and pillaging many places including Mandi, Chamba, Kullu and Sirmaur. For all his martial ways, Sansar was also a great art lover (see Arts & Crafts of Himachal). Parallel happenings included declaration of independence by many nawabs, rajas and kings all over India. The Gurkhas (under Prithvi Narayan Shah), Sikhs (under Ranjit Singh in Punjab) and the East India Company (under Richard Colley Wellesley) were becoming increasingly powerful. The Gurkhas now invaded Kangra, capturing some of the territories under Sansar, who
went into hiding in his fort and stayed there for four years until Ranjit Singh came to his aid. Ranjit Singh defeated Amar Singh Thapa and the poor Gurkhas had to turn their attention to Bushahr and Rampur.. 19
Modern period:- The British were now making their presence felt. While all the hill states fought amongst each other, they coolly walked off with the cake. The forces of the East India Company didn’t believe in sparing the rod.
After 1800:- Following the rise of Gurkha power, an Anglo-Gurkha war became in- evitable and things came to a head in 1814-15. Opportunists of the first order, small-time
rajas helped the Brits during the war, no doubt
hoping to reap benefits later. The ruler of Bushahr, who helped the British, was duly re- warded with land. As a result of this enterprise
21 hill states came under the British. Meanwhile, the Sikhs were becoming really puissant
even though Ranjit Singh had died by now. They plundered and looted many places in Himachal including Spiti in 1841. The Gurkhas now appealed to the British for protection against the Sikhs, which the British readily agreed to – the Anglo-Sikh war took place in
1845. The Treaty of Lahore (1846) was signed between the British and Sikhs, by which the British retained the territory between the Ravi an the Sutlej (practically the whole of Himachal), and gave the west of the Ravi to the Jammu king. The rulers of Kangra state and some other small states combined with the Sikhs against the British in 1848 but were
crushed ruthlessly.
20
Uprising of 1857 revolt :- The Uprising of 1857 came and went but no echoes were felt in the hills. Many hills states even sided with the British. However some Gurkha and Rajput battalions at Jutog (near Shimla) did rise against their British officers but were soon disarmed.But some hill people did revolt against the slavery and feudalism under the reign of the kings. The people of Rampur revolted (1859) against the high handedness of the government officials and forced labour.In Suket too, the people revolted against the king in
1862 and 1876. The people of Nalagarh were up in arms against the atrocities unleashed by
the minister (1876). Similar incidentstook place in Bilaspur and Beghal too. But these isolated attempts failed to awaken the masses. Nevertheless, they inspired some of the more politically conscious minds in the hills to become associated with the Indian National Congress and with other revolutionary organizations like the Gadar Party (gadar means revolution).This struggle between subjects and rulers had only one winner – the British. The East India Company took advantage of this continuous fighting and successfully planted Their Residents in most of the hill states backed by an efficient and strong army.
So by the end of it all, the British either had the hill states fully to themselves, or had
planted their agents – or ‘Residents’ as they were called – in them. This dual system of direct and indirect control continued until Independence.When India gained Independence, the collective Punjab hill states were integrated into a single, centrally administered unit Under the charge of a chief commissioner.A name was given to this unit – Himachal Pradesh. In 1954, Bilaspur was added, and in 1966, the rest of what we now know as Himachal Pradesh was merged into ‘The Mountain State’. In 1971, HP was granted statehood, and became the 18th state of the Indian Republic.
21
MODERN HIMACHAL TRIP
Government & Politics:- Himachal Pradesh has 12 administrative districts and three divisions. The divisions are Shimla, Mandi and Dharamsala, while the districts are Sirmaur, Solan, Shimla, Kinnaur, Bilaspur, Mandi, Kullu, Lahaul and Spiti, Kangra, Una, Hamirpur and Chamba. Himachal was granted full statehood in 1971.
Following the Chinese takeover of Tibet McLeodganj in
Dharamsala Has been the capital of the Tibetan Government in Exile. HP has asingle-chamber legislative assembly with
68 seats.The state sends seven members to the Indian National Parliament three to Rajya Sabha (Upper House) and four to Lok Sabha (Lower House). The Bharatiya Janta Party came to power in 1998 under the leadership of Prem Kumar Dhumal who is the present Chief Minister.
Agriculture:- The economy of HP is predominantly agricultural. Due to a wide range of agro-climatic and topographical conditions ranging from flat lands in the lower hills to the cold deserts, many different crops are
grown here. Rice and wheat in the lower valleys; tomatoes and other vegetables in the
middle hills; apples, plums and other fruits in the higher regions and dry fruit and potatoes in the cold deserts.
22
Tea, ginger and mushrooms are some of the important cash crops. Due to the difficult terrain, barely 11% of the total geographical area is under cultivation.To gain more cultivable land, terrace farming is commonly practiced. At higher elevations, farming is often supplemented by the raising of livestock.Wild olives that were once cultivated rather hap-hazardly are now being planted with the necessary know-how from Italy. The middle height districts like Mandi and Kullu are ideal for this and the state is now hoping to increase its share of olive oil in the world market to 5 million tons.
Forest Produce:- As stated earlier the state has a large forest cover that can be ideal for a trip in Himachal Pradesh. Though there’s a ban on felling trees, HP Forest Corporation extracts commercial timber from dry, fallen and damaged trees.
The Rare Chenopod:- Today there are about 20 crops that feed the human population But our ancestors had real Variety they had some 3000 species to choose from! Need
-less to say, most of them have been lost in the world of
hybrids.The Chenopod grain is one such forgotten old crop which is still grown in certain parts of Himachal like Kullu,
Shimla, Kinnaur, Mandi and Chamba. Locally called bathu, it is extremely rich in protein. It is used to make roti (a kind of bread), porridge, subzi (a dish of vegetables) and even a fermented drink called thara or ghanti.
23
Other material gains from the forest are resin (from chir pine tree); kattha (which gives that red stain while chewing paan or betel leaf) from the wood and root of the Khair tree (Acacia catechu); chilgoza (pine nut or Sultanas); medicinal herbs like Dioscorea (oil of deodar) and blue pine; cane and bamboo. Deforestation and the resulting soil erosion are now being combated with several reforestation programs.
Horticulture:- Luscious fruit-laden orchards are a
Delightful sight in the valleys of Himachal. The
town of Pawanoo has the largest fruit processing plant in Asia. The hills grow sub-tropical fruit like mango, litchi (a juicy berry), guava and citrus fruit; stone fruit like peach, plum, apricot, pear and pomegranate; temperate fruit like cherry, walnut and chestnut; and dry fruit like chilgoza (pine nut or sultanas), almond and grape raisin. And most important of all, many varieties of apple.
Industry:- Due to the persistent effort of the state government, a broad-based industrial structure has slowly developed in the state. There is small-scale mining of slate, gypsum
, limestone, barite, dolomite, and pyrite. The main industries include iron foundries, resin
and turpentine factories, fertilizer plants, breweries and electronics plants. Woollen garments and handicrafts make up the main small-scale industry. In fact, the annual turnover from the shawl industry alone is estimated at around six crores rupees! Spinning and weaving of wool (which is locally produced) is mainly a winter occupation when there is time to spare from the fields. 24
Hydroelectricity:- Himachal Pradesh abounds in rivers, lakes and glaciers and is therefore extremely rich in water. A number of hydel projects have been constructed on the Satluj, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Yamuna basins. Some of the more important are the Bhakra Project, the Kot Dam Project, the Beas Satluj Link Project, the Beas Power Project and the Pong Dam.
Tourism:- Well, this is where HP is far, far ahead of other states in India. Its great natural splendour explains why tourists should make a trip to this destination. Apart from good hotels and transportation, there are excellent facilities for adventure sports like trekking,
rock climbing, skiing, heli-skiing, river rafting and kayaking which attract enthusiasts from
all over the globe. Some of the important tourist centres are Shimla, Solan, Chail, Renuka, Kalpa, Nako, Sangla, Kullu, Manali, Baijnath, Dharamsala, Kangra, Palampur, Dalhousie, Khajjiar and Chamba.
Communications:- Roads are the most important transport link in a hilly and
mountainous state like HP. The state road network consists of four national highways and is constantly being extended. Kalka (in Haryana) and Pathankot (in Punjab) are the two
nearest railway stations on the broad gauge network, if you are trying to reach Himachal. There are two exciting toy train routes, though: Pathankot-Palampur-Jogindernagar and Kalka-Solan-Shimla. The three airports in the state are at Shimla, Kullu and Kangra (closed these days) while two are coming up at Spiti and Banikhet STD and ISD facilities are available in most places, even small. The Internet too is making its presence felt at an amazing speed. There are cybercafés in Shimla, Manali and McLeodganj. Surprisingly, notwithstanding the hilly terrain, radio has penetrated to the remotest corners of the state (100% as against the national average of 96.89%). 25
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Indian Independence, a Union Territory of Hill states was created. It primarily constituted of hill states around Shimla. Himachal Pradesh became a full fledged state of the Republic of India on January 25,
1971. Himachal means 'Land of Snow' in Hindi. The physiographic of Himachal Pradesh is portrayed with an intricate mosaic of hills, valleys, fast flowing & turbulent rivers and soaring high mountains covered with snow. And like three circles bound together by high ranges, narrow passes, fast flowing rivers and a rich cultural tradition, the tracts of Kinnaur, Spiti and
Lahaul seems to hold the essence of the 2500 km long Himalayas. Traditionally the region has strong ties with neighboring Tibet and there are marked cultural and religious similarities. Tucked away in mountain folds for centuries, this is one pocket of the world that has both charm and mystery. Kinnaur, Spiti and Lahaul offers a touch of exotica and more than just a dash of adventure. Himachal Pradesh is one of the most popular tourist destination in the India. You may be looking for a break from your hectic life and a communion with nature or exploring India's cultural diversity, you may be seeking the spiritual upliftment of a pilgrimage or the thrills and excitement of adventure sports - Himachal has it all. And what is more, the State has a well developed infrastructure and is easily accessible as well.Rising from the plains of the Punjab in the south, Himachal
is a series of valleys, notably the verdant Kullu, Kangra and Chamba valleys which lie near the heart of the State, and the barren, high altitude Lahaul and Spiti valleys in the north.
26
Each of these has its own distinctive character and appeal. Five mountain ranges run through the State - the Shivalik, the Pir Panjal, the Dhauladhar, The Great Himalayan and the
Zanskar ranges. (The last extends into Ladakh in neighbouring Jammu & Kashmir.) And
four of the five rivers after which Punjab gets its name (Chenab,Ravi, Beas and Sutlej) originate in these ranges and flow through the land.The heritage culture and traditions of the Himachal Pradesh are as fascinating and diverse as the landscape. And these can be seen in the rich variety of customs, rituals, clothes and handicrafts. The most fascinating are the unusual customs of the Kinnauras who live in the eastern district, Kinnaur. These are acurious mix of the Buddhist practices followed in Lahaul & Spiti and the hindu traditions in the rest of the State. At all important social functions the hereditary oracle of the local deity recites the mythology through the oral tradition of the 'chirong‘.The popular folk dance
'naati' (or 'natti') of Kullu forms a part of all celebrations. Though earlier it used to be performed only by men dressed in their
traditional, swirling tunics,'churidars' (pyjamas
that resemble jodhpurs) and decorated caps, accompanied by four to eight musicians, now
women join in too. There are thirteen variations of
the dance depending on the tempo. Other colourful folk dances include the 'karthi'
harvest
dance of Kullu, the exhilarating 'birsu' and
'ghugti‘from the upper Shimla hills, and the
'kayang' and 'bakayang' from Kinnaur. The
isolation imposed by the mountainous terrain of Himachal has permitted its people to develop their own unique tradition of handicrafts. These include the extremely ornate and beautiful silver jewellery worn by the women; richly embroidered scarves, footwear and caps; leather embroidery; beautifully patterned rugs and carpets; and woollen blankets and shawls of varying degrees of fineness. 27
INFORMATION ON HIMACHAL LAND
My beautiful land of Himachal:- My beautiful land of Himachal With it high mountain peaks Abundant herb and plants The meandering river
Sutlej, The Chamba palaces, and the Pahari folk song
Climate:- Himachal Pradesh experiences a wide variation in climatic conditions. There are areas
that receive very heavy rainfall (in the foothills) and those that are cold and almost rainless (the deserts
of Lahaul, Spiti and Puh). Summer lasts from mid-
April to end-June and most parts become very hot (except in places over 3,000m which experience mild summer) with the average maximum temperature ranging from 28C to
32C. Winter,from late November to mid-March, is the longest and severest season. Snowfall is very common in tracts above 2,200 m with the mercury remaining below freezing point in the Higher and Trans-Himalayas. Autumn is the best season here when the skies are bright and sunny during the day and clear and starry at night.
Culture:- About 90% of the population of Himachal Pradesh is Hindus. There main communities are Brahmins, Rajputs, Kannets, Rathis and Kolis. The tribal population of the state comprise of the Gaddis, Kinnars, Gujjars, Pangawals and Lahaulis. The Gaddis are the traditional shepherds who migrate from the alpine pastures to the lower regions during the winters.
The Kinnars are the inhabitants of the Kinnaur region and practiced polyandry and polygamy. The Gujjars are nomads who rear buffalo herds. The Pangawals of the Pangi region of the Chamba district are both low and high caste Hindus. The Lahaulis of Lahaul and Spiti region are mainly Buddhists.
The Hills:- More than 2400km long and some 160km wide, the Himalayas are the greatest physical feature on earth.
and Himachal Pradesh is a generous section of this huge
formation. The name itself is descriptive of its characteristics Himachal being an ancient Sanskrit compound of hima (snow) and achal (that which cannot be moved) and thus simply means ‘the Mountain State’.Himachal Pradesh is
a complex mosaic of hills, lush valleys and snow-clad peaks. It straddles the Himalayas from the foothills, over
peaks, to the valleys of Lahaul and Spiti. The prominent ranges which curve across the state are the Shiwaliks, Pir Panjal, Pangi, Zaskar and Dhauladhar. The highest peaks are Shilla (7,026m), Manerang (6,597m) and Shipki (6,608m). The hills rise gradually from the south to the north of the state – the outer Himalaya or Shiwaliks, the Lower or Lesser Himalaya, the Main or Great Himalaya and Trans or Tibetan Himalaya. The dun type valleys like Kiarda dun, the Kangra valley and Chakki dun are home to rich deep alluvial soils as they
29
are drained by rivers and streams which have deposited rich sediments into the valley bottom. The Inner Himalayas have thin bare soils that usually go with high mountains,
while the valleys of Lahaul and Spiti have nothing but cold desert-like soil. Drang in Mandi has the country’s only rock salt mines and is thus prey to heavy quarrying. So are hills in Sirmaur, Mandi, Solan and Bilaspur districts – they yield limestone, dolomite and marble. Landslides are not uncommon in the monsoons, so it’s best not to venture out far during the rains without a local guide.
Climb Every Mountain:- The Himalayas offer information on some of the most thrilling and challenging mountaineering opportunities in the world. The Mountaineering Institute at Manali with regional centres at Dharamsala, Bharmour and Jispa, organizes expeditions every year and offers adventure courses as well. Patalsu and Sitidhar are among the easier peaks in the Manali region while other popular climbs are to Deo Tibba, Moulkila, Hanuman Tibba, Centre Peak and Indresen. Some of the most vibrant tracks in India run through the passes and valleys of Himachal. In fact, trekking is one of the best ways to explore Himachal. The best terrain for trekking lies
between the gentle Shiwaliks and the tough upper reaches of the Greater Himalayas. Some
of the popular treks are from Manali to Beas Kund, from Manali to Bhrigu Lake and from
Dalhousie to Khajjiar.
30
If you’re more intrepid you could try your legs at Chandra Tal, cross the Baralacha La to Keylong, theRohtang Pass from Manali, or the Dhauladhar and Pir Panjal ranges to Lahaul and Kullu.July to September are ideal months for trekking in Lahaul and Bharmour, while in Narkanda, Manali and Kangra regions it is done between April and November.
The Valleys :- Much of HP can be easily divided according to its many lovely valleys. Lahaul and Spiti stretch from the Chandra Valley in the north
-west to the Lingti Valley along the Spiti River. The Chamba and Kangra vales lie on either side
of the mighty Dhauladhars, while the remote Pattan Valley is separated from Chamba by the Pir Panjal. Kullu Valley stretches from Mandi to Manali, and the Parbati Valley obviously follows the Parbati River. The Malana Valley is quite an interesting
place, supposed to be the oldest democracy in the world. The valleys with their charming little hamlets and fields full of grain are a sight to behold. It is believed that the beautiful Kullu valley was once a lake, formed when the Beas was temporarily blocked by jolts in the mountains. Later when the natural dam burst, the lake waters drained away and the present
day valley came into being.Large terraces are found on either side of the river in the valley.
But nothing can beat theruf’n’tuf formations along the banks of the Chandra River which came into being thanks to glacial action and wind erosion.
It has been said of the Chandra River that "…No villages adorn its banks, no attempts at cultivation, no human life are met with and nothing greetsthe eye but the never ending monotonous cliffs which are lopped by the fierce stream as it rushes in wild fury against its banks.“
Fly or Ski :- Information on Himachal offers some of the best skiing and paragliding opportunities in the world. Come winter and most of the skiing slopes in Solang Nullah, Kufri and Narkanda are dotted with skiers trying their luck. A recent-day development, heli-skiing is fast becoming popular too. The Mountaineering Institute at Manali organizes
skiing courses from January onwards, while the Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation does so simultaneously at Narkanda. As for hang and para gliding, check out Billing in Kangra valley. It hosts India’s only international hang gliding festival. The perfect time for you to gliding would be in March-April or mid-August-November, when equipment is easily available.
32
Glaciers, Rivers & Lakes:- The many glaciers above the snow line feed the fast flowin rivers of Himachal Pradesh. In fact, the whole of the Himalayas is like one mammoth reservoir of snow. The Beas Kund glacier near the famous Rohtang pass in Kullu is the mother of the Beas. The other biggies are the Bara Shigri, the largest glacier in Lahaul valley, the Bhadal Glacier, the Bhaga Glacier and the Chandra Glacier. Alpine pastures spring up around them in summer turning the place into a picnic spot for migratory graziers. Life moves at a gentle pace in Himachal, but not the rivers; they are always in great hurry In the furrows between the many ranges rush the perennial rivers that drain the snow slopes off the
crests. The major rivers criss-crossing the roughly square Himachal are Beas, Chenab, Spiti, Sutlej, Ravi
and Yamuna. The Satluj is unique, the only river in HP to rise from beyond the Himalayas. It begins as the outflow from the sacred lake of Rakas Tal insouthern Tibet, and enters Himachal through a notch in the Zaskar Range at Shipki. Then,showing scant respect for the impeding rocks, it chooses a direct course, carving out anawesome gorge for itself. This is Kinnaur, a trans-Himalayan conduit for culture and wildlife. Each of the rivers in turn has numerous tributaries. Most of these join the Indus River system which flows into the
Arabian Sea. The Bhakra Dam on the Sutlej has created Govind Sagar, the largest lake in the region.Come monsoon and numerous waterfalls and gurgling streams gush out from every nook and corner of the land. 33
Apart from these dancing brooks, there are hot water sulphur
springs at Manikaran and Vashist which are a balm for tired limbs. Himachal Pradesh is also known for its pretty-as-a-picture lakes. The Bhagsunath Lake is perched high up on the Dhauladhar range and is surrounded by oaks and conifers. But sadly, even this is not high enough to elude pollution’s spidery arms. The same applies to the Renuka Lake in Sirmaur and Khajjiar near Dalhousie. The unfortunate condition of these lakes is largely due to the tourist traffic including trekkers and pilgrims. But some lakes like the Chandra
Tal (in a large glacial depression in the Lahaul valley) and Manimahesh (with the towering
Manimahesh Kailash peak as a backdrop) bring cheer with their crystal clear waters.
Whitewater Fever:- If the blood in your veins urges you to leap into the sometimes-tricky Himachal rivers, go rafting. Or kayaking. Rafting mania comes to roost in October and tarries till late April with a break in January when the water is simply too cold. The Beas, Spiti, Chandrabhaga (or Chenab) and Satluj have spectacular rapids but hey, this is no ride for the lily-livered. For those who prefer safe and more sedentary sports, angling or fishing is a good option. Trout can be found in the Beas near Manali as well as in the Pabbar River at Rohru. Mahseer (a large freshwater fish) can be hooked at Govind Sagar, Nadaun,
Aut and the Pong Dam. But don’t even dream of going fishing without a license from the tourist department in the district.
34
Flora & Fauna:- Himachal is a land of jade forests and fresh air. As much as 68% of the land area is covered with jungles. While the foothills and valleys are a refreshing green, the areas above the snow line are almost bare. The southernmost tracts are dominated by sal (Shorea robusta), sisham, chir pine, dry deciduous and moist broad-leafed forests. The temperate region above this grows oaks, deodar, blue pine, fir and spruce. In the uppermost climes, trees are sturdy with a vast network of roots (to help them tide over the weeks of burial under heavy snow). You’ll mostly find alders, birches, rhododendrons and moist alpine scrubs in the name of vegetation. The tough rhododendron, by the way, is an
amazing plant and of terrific importance in the ecological chain. By attracting insects, which in turn attract birds, it forms a major link in high altitude ecosystems. The rhododendrons you see along the hillsides around Shimla from March to May are breathtakingly beautiful.Himachal is the fruit bowl of the country with orchards scattered all over the
place. Meadows and pastures are often seen clinging to the dangerously steep slopes. After the winter snow thaws, the hillsides and orchards bloom with wild flowers, while gladiolas, carnations, marigolds, roses, chrysanthemums, tulips, lilies and other flowers are carefully cultivated. The state government is gearing up to make Himachal the flower basket of the
world.From thick sub-tropical forests to the dry alpine vegetation, Himachal home to a wide
variety of animals. This includes the leopard, which is the most widely distributed mammal in the entire state, the snow leopard, ghoral (goat-like stout animal), musk deer which is the state animal and monal (a pretty bird in nine iridescent colours), the state bird. HP has 11 major national parks and sanctuaries – the largest number in the Himalayan region. The Great Himalayan National Park in Kullu – the first in the state – was created to conserve the flora and fauna of the main Himalayan range, while the Pin Valley National Park to
conserve the flora and fauna of the cold desert.
35
HIMACHAL PRADESH DANCES
The people of Himachal Pradesh are known for their love of colors and festivities. Forming a part of these festivities are folk dances of the state, with themes revolving around the scenes from the mythological epics such as Ramayana and Mahabharata. Folklores and chivalry tales of the local heroes and religious deities are some other themes on which the traditional dances of Himachal Pradesh are based. Though there are a number of dance forms popular in the state, but Chham Dance or 'Dance of Devils', performed in Lahaul, Spiti and Kinnaur, counts amongst the favorites of the tourists.
Chham Dance:- Chham dance is splendid dance performed by the Buddhist monks, known as Lamas, in the courtyard of monasteries during religious and other festivals, as a part of the celebrations. The dance is known for the elaborate mask, headgear and Costume of the performers and is very popular in Tibetan settlement areas of Himachal Pradesh, such as Lahaul & Spiti, Ladakh and Kinnaur.
Thoda Dance:- In the past, Thoda dance was performed as a ritual before the battle. The performance and the quick movements seem to simulate the incidents seen during a real battle.
Kullu Nati:- One of the most famous dances of the Kullu Valley, Kullu Nati is performed during festivals and fairs, especially Dussehra.Dancers clad in traditional dresses dance
along with the procession, on the tunes of musical instruments such as Narsingha, Karnal,
Shehnai, Dhol and Nagara.Earlier, Natti was performed for several hours and continued till dancers and orchestra got exhausted. The duration of the dance has been curtailed now.
Lahauli Dance:- Lahauli dance is performed on the tunes of the musical instruments of Ladakh, known as Surna and Damman. The steps are simple but graceful. For instance, dancers move in a circular pattern after interlocking their
hands. They usually wear long gowns with embroidered borders, matching jackets and ornaments made of beads and stones.
Losar Shona Chuksam:- Losar Shona Chuksam is the folk dance performed in the Kinnaur region, known for its love of music and dance. The dance has been named after The festival 'Losar' or New Year. Dhol, bronze cymbals known as Bugjal, Karnal and Ransingha are the musical instruments on which the dance is based.
Nati Dance:- The popular dance form of Nati is performed on a particular rhythm and beat, which differs from region to region. The popular forms of Nati are Gaddi Nati, Kullu Nati, Kinnauri Nati, Sirmouri Nati and Shimla Nati. All the forms of Nati have unique costumes, ornaments, songs and instrumental music.
37
HIMACHAL PRADESH FAIRS
The colorful fairs of Himachal Pradesh reflect its rich traditional and cultural heritage. Mid- February sees a weeklong Winter Sports Festival at Manali. It is around this time only that Una fair, known as the Baba Barbhang Singh Mela, is organized in the honor of the saint
'Baba Barbhang Singh'. Come summer season and it is the time for the 'Summer Festival' of Shimla, which offers flower show, exhibitions, unique fashion shows, etc. Harvest fairs of Himachal Pradesh, such as Lavi Fair of Rampur and Minjar Fair of Chamba are also quite popular amongst tourists.
Minjar Mela:- Minjar Mela is celebrated as a commemoration of the victory of the
Raja of Chamba over the ruler of Trigarta
(now known as Kangra), in 935 AD. It is said that on the return of their victorious king, people greeted him with sherfs
of paddy and maize, as gift to symbolize prosperity and happiness.
38
Lavi Fair:- Lavi Fair of Himachal Pradesh is organized annually in Rampur, on the banks of River Satluj. It is held in the month of November and has already attained international fame and renown. Lavi once served as a major trading center and the stopover point on the old trade routes that led to Kinnaur, Tibet, Ladakh and Afghanistan.
Winter Carnival:- Winter Carnival of Manali is one of the two winter fairs organized in Himachal Pradesh, with the other being the one in Shimla. It is organized in the month of February, when there is lot of snow and ice covering the slopes of Himachal hills. People coming to the carnival can opt for winter sports organized at snow-capped Rohtang range and ski slopes of Solang valley.
HIMACHAL PRADESH FESTIVALS
The people of Himachal Pradesh love to feast, dance and celebrate everyday of their lives. The numerous fairs and festivals of the state and their elaborate rituals and traditions provide them the perfect opportunities to do so. The customs, costumes, music and dances
of these festivals tell us much about the religious fervor, spirituality and gaiety of its natives. Some of the major festivals of Himachal Pradesh include Lohri or Maghi Festival, Losar Festival, Halda Festival, Basant Panchami, Dusshera.
Halda Festival:- Halda Festival is celebrated in the Lahaul district of Himachal Pradesh to usher
in the New Year. The festival falls in the month of January and stretches on for a period of two days. It is dedicated to 'Shashikar Apa', the Goddess of Wealth in the Lamaistic Pantheon.
International Himalayan Festival:- International Himalayan Festival is celebrated in the Kangra District of Himachal, in the month of December. The festival is organized as a Commemoration of the event when the Nobel Peace prize was awarded to His Holiness The Dalai Lama in 1985.
40
Losar Festival :- Losar is the New Year festival of Tibetans, celebrated mainly in the Lahaul district of Himachal Pradesh. It marks the beginning of the winter season in the valley and is celebrated during the first month of Tibetan calendar, which usually falls somewhere around mid-November to first week of December.
Phulaich Festival :- Phulaich Festival is celebrated in the month of September in the Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh. It is also known as Ookayand Festival and Ukyam Festival. The term 'Oo' means 'flowers' while 'Kayang' means 'festival'. Thus, Phulaich is a
'festival of flowers'.
Summer Festival :-People from the plains of Northern India rush to Himachal Pradesh in Summers, to escape the heat of the harsh sun. It is during this time that a variety of Programs, cultural and folk performances and tourism fairs are organized by the
Government of Himachal Pradesh.
ABOUT THE TOURISM
Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. The number of tourists worldwide has been registering phenomenal growth and it is ex- pected that this number would shortly touch 1.5 billion. Tourism contributes about 11% of the world workforce and 10.2% of the global gross domestic product. The dynamic growth of this
industry is evident from the fact a new job is added to the sector every 2.5 second. This pattern and dynamic character of the Sector necessitates the policy to adapt to the changing environment. Policiesare products of time and circumstances, available resources and technologies and most importantly, the needs of the stakeholders. This Policy document aims to provide clear direction for the development of tourism in the State. Himachal Pradesh is already a well-established and recognized tourist destination. It seeks to harness the fullest potential of the State for Development of tourism, which in turn can be a prime engine for economic growth and prosperity of the State, besides effectively addressing the problems of unemployment and poverty. This document is a result of wide range of consultations within and outside the Government, including the industry, tourism unit
operators and other stakeholders. Besides outlining the policy, the document also lists out
42
the strategy for implementation, as also specific action plans to implement the policy.
Nature has bestowed Himachal Pradesh with unique beauty and splendour with its lush green valleys, snow covered Himalayan ranges, a serene, peaceful, hospitable and comfortable environment. smiling people 13and a rich cultural heritage - which tourists would be hard put to findelsewhere. Being in the lap or Himalayas this fact becomes its natural and unique USP withglobal appeal. The outer fringe of Himachal is formed by the Shiwalik hills, which are characterised by shallow valleys and dense scrub forests. The mid ranges have the majestic Himalayan cedar and the spruces-followed by alpine meadows that intersperse themselves with the snow clad peaks of the Greater Himalaya. Tourism, as we understand it today, in Himachal Pradesh, Received recognition only in the 19th century, when the British established their chain of hill stations. Earlier, Himachal had been a destination for pilgrims only.
A fillip to tourism was administered when British declared Shimla as summer capital of India in 1864. Post independence and up -gradation as fledged State in the year 1971 led to more investment in the infrastructure sector leading to opening up of the state However the biggest explosion in tourism occurred in the mid 80s and
90s with the Kashmir problem when the number of hotels and hotel rooms increased within this period from 350
to present 1710 and 6300 to 36000 respectively with its concomitant chaos and haphazard growth which the State
would have done well without. With the wisdom of hind sight the State is now more equipped to deal with the problems of yesteryears and this document attempts to address those very problems. During the year 2004, the tourist arrivals in the state were 6.5 million
43
which is roughly equivalent to the population of the State.( 2.04 lacswere 14 foreigners).
In terms of numbers therefore the State has done more than expected. The challenge now is to attract quality tourists and increase the stay of the tourists in the State .We also need to think globally as even the domestic tourists today have a choice unlike in the past.
By focussing on quality tourist the State Government also aims at promoting sustainable tourism and encouraging the private sector to develop tourism related infrastructure in the State – without disturbing the existing ecology and environment.
In order to increase the duration of the stay of the visitors/tourists, a special emphasis is being placed on the development of activity-based tourism and opening up new sub destinations. To promote tourism in the countryside and to lesser-known areas, appropriate infrastructure will be developed within available resources. Himachal was earlier known only for the summer season. Efforts are being made to break the seasonality factor and
tourism products have been diversified to attract the tourists in other seasons too. Now
Himachal is known as “A Destination for All Seasons and All Reasons.” Tourism contributes nearly 8% of the State Domestic Product which is roughly the same as horticulture sector. With careful planning and infrastructural development, the Policy proposes to increase it to 15% by the year 2020.The position with respect to some of the other economies is as follow:
44
Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation has divided the State into four interesting circuits. These circuits pass through different terrains making one feel as if one is trekking through ages at different times.
The Dhauladhar Circuit derives its name from the Dhauladhar peaks of Western Himalaya. It passes in the shadow of the mighty and majestic snow clad Dhauldhar ranges, which dominates the beautiful Kangra valley, dotted by flower filled meadows, temples, tea gardens and flocks of sheep.
This circuit covers Delhi - Chintpurni - Jwalamukhi - Kangra - Dalhousie - Khajjiar –
Chamba - Dharamsala - Chamunda - Palampur - Jogindernagar - Delhi.
•TOUR OPTION
•TEMPLE TOUR: Tour time is minimum 3 days, distance 215 km. Route is Jwalamukhi
- Mahakaleshwar - Chintpurni - Brajeshwari Devi - Chamundaji - Baijnath - Sujanpur –
Jwalamuhki.
•DHARAMSHALA CHAMUNDA TOUR: Tour time is minimum 2 days, distance
183 km. Route is Chamunda Devi - Brajashwari Devi - Jwalaji - Chintpurni - Dharamsala.
•MONASTIC TOUR: Tour time is minimum 1 day, distance is 120 km. Route is
Dharamsala - Mcleodganj - Sidbari (Norbolinka) - Tashijong - Bir - Dharamsala.
•HERITAGE TOUR: Tour time is minimum 1 day, distance 170 km. Route is
Dharamsala - Kangra - Masrur - Nurpur - Dharamsala.
•TEA GARDEN TOUR: Tour time is minimum 2 days, distance 200 km. Route is
Dharamsala - Palampur - Andratta - Bajinath - Joginder Nagar - Dharamsala.
•LEISURE TOUR: Tour time is minimum 2 day, distance 95 km. Route is Chamba –
Khajjiar - Dalhousie - Chamba.
•BHARMOUR TOUR: Tour time is minimum 4 days. Route is Dharamsala – Dalhousie
- Khajjiar - Chamba - Bharmour - Dharmsala.
Passing through a spectacular terrain of River Valleys, Cold Desert Mountains, High Passes, Snow Capped Peaks, Icy Lakes, Mighty Glaciers, an exotic tribal country dotted by monasteries, yaks and lamas.
This circuit covers:
Delhi - Shimla - Sarahan - Sangla - Kalpa - Nako - Tabo - Dhankar - Pin Vally - Kaza - Losar - Kunzum - Koksar - Sissu - Tandi - Udaipur - Trilokpur - Rohtang Pass - Manali - Delhi.
•TOUR OPTION
•SARAHAN - Bhaba - Karcham - Sangla - Rakchham - Chitkul - Sangla - Sarahan.
•SARAHAN - Sangla - Kalpa - Pawari - Morang - Jangi - Pooh - Nako - Sarahan.
•SARAHAN - Nako - Tabo - Dhankar - Kaza - Key - Kibber - Pooh - Sangla - Sarahan.
•KAZA - Dhankar - Pin Valley - Tabo - Kaza.
•KAZA - Kee - Kibber - Losar - Kunzum - Kaza.
•KEYLONG - Udaipur - Triloknath - Kardang - Gondla - Keylong.
•KEYLONG - Darcha - Patseo - Zingzingbar - Baralacha - Sarchu - Keylong.
•KEYLONG - Sarchu- Lachalangla - Pang - Tanglangla - Uphsi - Leh - Keylong.
The Beas Circuit derives its name from the ancient river Beas. It passes through the highly Picturesque Kullu - Mandi regions. The main attractions are the flower filled meadows, terraced fields of paddy, maize, apple orchards and the sparkling Beas river.
This circuit covers Delhi - Swarghat - Bilaspur - Mandi - Rewalsar - Kullu - Manali –
Rohtang - Naggar - Manikaran - Delhi (1335 km) (5 nights 6 days).
•TOUR OPTION
•PARVATI VALLEY TOUR: Tour time is minimum 3 days, distance about 292 km. Route is Mandi - Rewalsar - Kullu- Manikaran - Mandi.
•BEAS TOUR: Tour time is minimum 3 days, distance about 396 km. Route is Mandi - Manikaran - Kullu - Raison - Manali - Rohtang- Naggar- Mandi.
•RIVER VIEW TOUR: Tour time is minimum 3 days. Route is Manali - Vashist - Naggar - Kullu - Manikaran - Raison - Katrain - Manali.
•KULLU VALLEY TOUR: Tour time is minimum 3 days. Route is Manali - Solang - Rohtang - Pass - Vashist - Naggar - Manikaran - Raison.
•CHANDER BHAGA TOUR: Tour time is minimum 4 days. Route is Manali – Rohtang Pass - Khoksar - Sissu - Gondla - Tandi - Keylong - Udaipur - Triloknath – Keylong - Kardang - Manali.
•KUNZUM TOUR: Tour time is minimum 4 days. Route is Manali - Rohtang Pass –
Gramphu - Chhatru - Batal - Kunzum Pass - Losar - Kaza - Kee - Kibber – Manali
•MANALI LEH TOUR: The Route is Manali - Rohtang Pass - Koksar - Tandi – Keylong - Darcha - Baralacha Pass - Sarchu - Lachungla - Pang - Dabring - Tangla - La – Karu - Leh.
The Sutlej Circuit derives its name from the ancient river Sutlej. It passes through snow covered majestic Himalayas, forests of pine, oak and deodar, across stone fruit and apple orchards and through the Shiwalik foot hills.
This circuit covers Delhi - Parwanoo - Kasaul i- Barog - Solan - Chail - Hatkoti - Rampur –
Sarahan - Narkanda - Naldehra - Tattapani - Shimla - Kiarighat - Delhi. This circuit also includes Renuka, Paonta Sahib and Nahan.
TOUR OPTION
CHAIL TOUR: Tour time is minimum 3 days, distance about 250 km. Route is Delhi –
Chandigarh - Parwanoo - Kasauli - Barog - Chail - Chandigarh.
RENUKA TOUR: Tour time is minimum 2 days, distance about 295 km. Route is
Chandigarh - Paonta - Nahan - Renuka - Chandigarh.
APPLE VALLEY TOUR: Tour time is minimum 4 days, distance about 378 km. Route
is Shimla - Kharapathar - Sarahan(via Rohru, Rampur) - Narkanda - Shimla.
HERITAGE TOUR: Tour time is minimum 2 days, distance about 106 km. Route is
Shimla - Naldehra - Chail - Shimla.
PABBAR VALLEY TOUR: Tour time is minimum 5 days, distance about 502 km.
Route is Chandigarh - Renuka - Paonta - Hatkoti - Kharapathar - Shimla - Chail - Kasauli –
Chandigarh.
MONAL TOUR: Tour time is minimum 4 days, distance about 350 km. Route is Shimla
-Narkanda - Sarahan - Fagu - Shimla.
TEMPLE TOUR: Tour time is minimum 3 days, distance about 468 km. Route is Chail -
- Narkanda - Sarahan - Hatkoti - Chail.
DISTANCES FROM MAJOR CITIES
• Delhi – Manali 570 km
• Delhi – Shimla 370 km
• Delhi – Renuka 315 km
• Delhi – Dharamshala 520 km
• Delhi – Dalhousie 555 km
• Delhi – Chamba 600 km
• Delhi – Mandi 460 km
• Delhi – Rewalsar 455 km
• Delhi – Kasauli 325 km
• Delhi – Barog 325 km
• Delhi – Chail 380 km
• Shimla – Manali 260 km
• Shimla – Mandi 150 km
• Shimla – Palampur 235 km
• Shimla - Dharamshala 270 km
• Shimla – Dehradun 245 km
• Shimla – Arki 52 km
• Shimla – Nalagarh 139 km
• Manali - Rohtang Pass 51 km
• Manali – Keylong 115 km
• Manali – Leh 475 km
• ShimlaDharamshala 235 km
• Shimla – Dalhousie 336 km
• Shimla – Sarahan 175 km
• Shimla – Sangla 230 km
• Shimla – Kalpa 244 km
• Shimla – Nako 324 km
• Shimla – Tabo 374 km
• Shimla – Kaza 421 km
• Shimla – Keylong 609 km
• Shimla - Khara Pathar 85 km
• Shimla – Rohru 120 km
• Shimla – Hatkoti 109 km
• Shimla – Chirgaon 137 km
• Shimla – Kasauli 75 km
• Shimla – Renuka 165 km
• Manali – Udaipur 150 km
• Manali – Trilokinath 150 km
55
• Manali – Kaza 200 km
• Manali – Manikaran 85 km
• Manali – Palampur 200 km
• Manali – Dharamshala 235 km
• Manali – Dalhousie 385 km
• Manali – Chamba 402 km
• Manali – Pathankot 325 km
• Manali – Chandigarh 320 km
• Manali – Kasauli 275 km
• Manali – Shimla 260 km
• Manali – Mandi 110 km
• Dharamshala – Chamba 185 km
• Dharamshala – Pathankot 90 km
• Dharamshala – Chandigarh 252 km
• Dharamshala – Chintpurni 78 km
• Dharamshala – Jwalamukhi 54 km
• Dharamshala – Mandi 125 km
• Dalhousie - Chamba 56 km
• Dalhousie - Chamba 43 km
• Dalhousie – Dharamshala 143 km
• Manali – Shimla 260 km
• Manali – Mandi 110 km
• Dharamshala – Chamba 185 km
• Dharamshala – Pathankot 90 km
• Dharamshala – Chandigarh 252 km
• Dharamshala – Chintpurni 78 km
• Dharamshala – Jwalamukhi 54 km
• Dharamshala – Mandi 125 km
• Dalhousie - Chamba 56 km
• Dalhousie - Chamba 43 km
• Dalhousie – Dharamshala 143 km
• Dalhousie – Khajjiar 22 km
• Dalhousie – Palampur 176 km
• Dalhousie – Mandi 360 km
• Dalhousie – Manali 390 km
• Dalhousie – Shimla 336 km
• Dalhousie – Chandigarh 300 km
• Dalhousie – Amritsar 191 km
• Dalhousie – Jammu 190 km
• Chamba – Dharamshala 185k5m6
• Chamba –Bharamaur 65 km
• Chamba – Manimahesh 100 km
• Chamba – Pathankot 119 km
• Chamba – Shimla 378 km
• Chamba – Manali 402 km
• Pathankot – Dalhousie 80 km
• Pathankot - Chamba 190 km
• Pathankot – Dharamshala 90 km
• Pathankot – Jwalaji 122 km
• Pathankot – Chintpurni 125 km
• Pathankot – Palampur 124 km
• Pathankot – Manali 325 km
• Pathankot – Shimla 295 km
• Pathankot – Jammu 110 km
• Pathankot – Amritsar 110 km
• Pathankot – Delhi 475 km
• Pathankot – Chandigarh 238 km
• Chandigarh – Shimla 117 km
• Chandigarh – Naldehra 143 km
• Chandigarh – Chail 115 km
• Chandigarh – Renuka 123 km
• Chandigarh – Mandi 210 km
• Chandigarh – Manikaran 325 km
• Chandigarh – Manali 320 km
• Chandigarh – Jwalaji 212 km
• Chandigarh – Dharamshala 252 km
• Chandigarh – Dalhousie 318 km
• Chandigarh – Kasauli 65 km
• Chandigarh – Pragpur 175 km
• Kullu – Manali 40 km
• Kullu – Naggar 26 km
• Sangla – Kalpa 38 km
• Gaggal – Dharamshala 17 km
• Gaggal – Taragarh 54 km
• Gaggal - Pragpur 45 km
• Palampur – Billing 41 km
• Nadaun – Dharamshala 69 km
• Mandi – Barot 75 km
• Nalagarh – Pinjore 35 km
• Kuthar – Arki 37 km
• Kuthar – Kasauli 17 km
• Sujanpur – Palampur 41 km
HINDU PILGRIMAGE
Bajreshwari Temple:- In the middle of the town of Kangra is the temple dedicated to Bajreshwari Devi. Known once for its legendary wealth this temple was subject to successive depredations by invaders from the north. Destroyed completely in 1905 by an earthquake.
Baijnath Temple:- The ancient temple at
Baijnath is particularly beautiful and is 16 KMs from
Palampur. Built of stone in the 9th century AD,
in the shikhara style, it is a fine blend of sculpture and architecture.
Jwalamukhi Temple :- An eternally burning flame that issues from a hollow rock in the sanctum, is considered the manifestation of the goddess Devi. During March-April and September- October every year, colorful fairs are held during the Navratra celebration. Jwalamukhi temple is 30 km. from Kangra.
Chamunda Devi Temple:- 15 Kms
from Dharamsala and 24 Kms from Kangra is the famous temple to Chamunda Devi. It is an enchanting spot with glorious views of the mountains, the Baner Khud, Pathiar and Lahla forest
68
Lakshmi narayan temple :- The Lakshminarayan group of temples in the town of Chamba are of great archaeological importance. Six stone temples dedicated to Shiva and Vishnu with tall shikaras, finely carved, date from the 8th century AD. The Lakshminarayan Temple is the oldest in this group. Other temples around Chamba town include, those dedicated to Hari Rai, Champavati, Bansigopal, Ram Chandra, Brijeshwari, Chamunda, Narsingh, and Yogi Charpat Nath.
Chaurasi temples :- The 9th century temples at Bharmaur are among the most important early Hindu temples in the Chamba Valley. According to legend, 84 (chaurasi) yogi's visited
Bharmaur, capital of King Sahil Varma. They were so pleased with the king's humility and hospitality that they blessed him with ten sons and a daughter, Champavati. A cluster of shrines commemorates that visit. The temple square is the Centre of all activities in the little town of Bharmaur and the Lakshmi, Ganesh, Manimahesh and Narsing temples, the main shrines, are splendidly set off by the dramatic mountainscape.
Rewalsar :- Around a natural lake with a floating island are a Shiva temple-the Lomesh Rishi Temple, Guru Govind Singh's gurdwara and a Buddhist monastery founded by Guru Padmasambhava. A spot that is revered by people of three faiths
69
Shikari devi (2850 m) :- It is possible to trek up to Shikari Devi from Janjheli and Karsog . Through woods of assorted trees and shrubs - which include several medicinal herbs - two separate trek routes lead up to this ancient shrine located at the crown of the hill. Hunters in the area once prayed to the Goddess for success in their hunt - and here, perhaps, lies the origin of the name 'Shikari Devi'. The Goddess is worshipped in the form of a stone image. Interestingly, the temple which is said to have been in existence since the
time of the Pandavas, has no roof - for local legend has it, that all attempts to build one have been unsuccessful
Prashar temple :- This temple, built in the 14th century, is a shrine where the rulers of Mandi once worshipped.
The pagoda-style temple stands in the little green hollow around the Prashar lake, above the town of Pandoh.
The views of the mountains are spectacular.
Hanogi maa & koyla maa temple :- Hanogi Maa temple in on the way from Mandi to Kullu near Pandoh Koyla Maa temple near Sunder Nagar in Mandi district.
Raghunathji temple :- Built in 1651 by the Raja of Kullu, the temple has an image of
Raghunathji that was brought from Ayodhya. During the Kullu Dussehra, all the temples in the area send their deities to pay homage to Raghunathji at Kullu.
70
Bijli mahadev temple :- An unusual temple dedicated to Shiva-the Lord of lightning, is located on a height overlooking the Kullu and Parvati valleys. A 60ft staff above the temple attracts divine blessing in the form of lightning and breaks the stone linga in the sanctum.
Dhoongri temple :- This four tiered pagoda, embellished in finely carved wood, stands sheltered in grove of tall deodar at Manali. It is dedicated to
Hadimba Devi, wife of the Pandava, Bhim.
Hatkoti :- Along the River Pabbar, 109 km from Shimla, is the temple dedicated to Durga and Shiva. The gods are said to have fought a pitched battled at this spot
Baba balak nath temple :- A cave temple located in Deothsidth, in the Dhaulagiri Hills of Hamirpur, is a noted place of pilgrimage. People come here to seek the
blessing of Baba Balak Nath whose image is located in the cave. Shahtalai, 46 km from the the district headquarters of Hamirpur and accessible by road, is about 10 km from Deothsidh.
71
Bhimakali temple :- A marvelous example of hill architecture, the temple complex at
Sarahan ( 171 Kms from Shimla) is set
against the incredibly beautiful backdrop of high ranges and forested slopes. Built in a mixture of the Hindu and Budhists styles, it was the temple of Bushair rulers of Rampur. The palaces of the royal family are adjacent to the temple. From Sarahan there is a view of the Srikhand Peak, revered as the home of goddess Lakshami.
Chintpurni :- A winding road goes up to the temple dedicated to Bhagwati Chinmastika or Chinpurni-the goddess who grants all wishes. A popular place of pilgrimage, Chintpurni is about 75 km from the town of Una and 100 km from Jalandhar.
Trilokpur :- About 25 km from Nurpur, at the confluence of the Bohar and Bhali streams is another sacred spot popular with pilgrims of various faiths. There is a Hindu temple, a Buddhist monastery, a gurdwara and a mosque at Trilokpur
Naina devi temple :- On a hill, close to Bilaspur and Kiratpur (34 km), is famous shrine of Naina Devi. A colourful fair, the Shravana Astami Mela is held in July- August
72
BHISUDDT PILGRIMAGES
The remote valleys of Lahaul, Spiti and Kinnaur have strong Buddhist traditions.Splendid gompas, Buddhist monasteries, built along bare mountain-sides seem to be a part of the rugged terrain. These are the repositories of a wealth of Buddhist art and culture. The dim, cool interiors of ancient monasteries glow with the brilliance of painted murals, stuccos and elaborate thangkas framed with rich borders of silk.In Dharamsala, where the Dalai Lama has settled in exile, is a marvelous Tibetan township where an entire cultural tradition is being nurtured. It is a centre that attracts scholars, pilgrims and tourists.
Rewalsar :- Perhaps the most sacred spot for Buddhists in Himachal Pradesh, Rewalsar is 25 km south west of Mandi. According to legend, Guru Padmasambhava departed for Tibet
from this beautiful spot, to spread the 'dharma'. A pagoda-style monastery stands along the edge of the lake.
Guru ghantal monastery(3020 m):-
This isOn the right bank of Chandra river about
4 kms. above Tandi and is believed to be the oldest Gompa of Lahaul having wooden structure with pyramidal roofs, wood carving, preserving the idols of Padmasambhava & Brajeshwari Devi.On the full moon night in mid-June a festival called "GHANTAL" is Celebrated by Lamas & Thakurs together.
73
Kardang monastery(3500 m) :- It is about 5 kms. from Keylong across Bhaga river. It is believed to be built in 12th century. Monastery has a large library of Kangyur and Tangyur volumes of Budhist scriptures in Bhoti. Kardang village was once the capital of Lahaul .
Shashur monastery :- Situated on a hill about 3 kms from Keylong towards north on the same slope. During June/ July this monastery attracts a large number of visit
-ors when Lamas perform the devil dance. It was found in the 17th century a.d. It belongs to red hat sec and is located among the blue pines. The paintings represent the history of 84 Buddhas.
Tayul gompa(3900 m) :- Tayul Gompa is 6 kms. from Keylong and is one of the oldest monasteries of the valley having a huge statue of Guru Padmasamhava about 5m high and houses library of Kangyur having 101 volumes. In Tibetan language Ta-Yul means the chosen place. There is an interesting story behind this.
Kye monastery :- It is situated 12 kms. north of Kaza and serves the western population of Spiti. It is the oldest and biggest monastery of the valley and located at (4116 m) above Kye village. It houses beautiful scriptures and paintings of Buddha and other goddesses. Lamas practice dance, sing and play on pipes and horns. Relegious training to Lama's is imparted here. It has murals and books of high value.
74
Thang yug gompa:- It is located 13 kms. above Kaza serving western part of central Spiti. Situated in a secluded place in the narrow gauge of Kaza Nallah, it generally has a Lama from Tibet. Above this there is a long plateau which leads to Shilla peak
Kungri gompa:- It is situated in the Pin valley about 10 kms. from Attargo where Spiti river has to be crossed to enter Pin valley. It is serves the population of Pin valley.
Dhankar monastery:- It is situated about 25 kms. east of Kaza and serves eastern part of central Spiti. Dhankar is a big village and erstwhile capital
of Spiti King. On top of a hill here is a fort which use to be a prison in olden times. The Monastery has
about 100 Lamas and is in position of Buddhist scriptures in Bhoti language. Principal figure is a Statue of "Vairochana" (Dhayan Budha) consisting of 4 complete figures seated back to back. It has relics in the shape of paintings and sculptures.
Tabo monastery:- This is another large gompa serving the population of eastern side. It has its origin in the tenth century old and is located 50 kms. from Kaza In fame it is next to Tholing Gompa in Tibet. It has about 60 Lamas and houses a large collection of Scriptures, wall paintings etc. Murals of this gompa have similarity to that of the Ajanta paintings.
75
SIKH PILGRIMAGES
The Sikhs came to the Shivalik Hills, in Himachal Pradesh in 1695, at the invitation of the ruler of Sirmaur, to help him fight the Mughals. Guru Gobind Singh with his army, settled
in Paonta Sahib in the foothills. During the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, at the end of the
18th century, many of the western hill states also came under Sikh sovereignty.
Paonta sahib :- This is the main centre of Sikh pilgrimage in Himachal. The gurdwara picturesquely located on the banks of the River Yamuna in district Sirmour, is venerated due to its association with Guru Gobind Singh, the 10th Sikh Guru. In March, an important fair
is held and the holy Granth Sahib is taken out in procession.
Manikaran:- The serene location and the seemingly mysterious hot springs made Manikaran (Kullu) a place of pilgrimage in earlier times ( 35 Kms from ntar). Guru Nanak, the first Guru of the Sikhs, visited this place to spend time in meditation. A gurdwara that was built to commemorate his visit, is now a place of pilgrimage for the Sikhs.
Rewalsar :- The gurdwara at Rewalsar, near Mandi, is located on the periphery of a lake sacred to both the Hindus and Buddhists as well.
76
CHRISTIAN PILGRIMAGES
Christianity made a late appearance in Himachal Pradesh, after the arrival of the British. The churches here are not more than 150 years old. Tall churches-the relics of the Raj, are to be found mainly in the small hill stations that the British created as summer retreats.
Shimla: The Christ Church, with its tall spire dominates the ridge in Shimla. This imposing structure is visible from as far away as Tara Devi, 8 km away. It was built in
1844, when Shimla was slowly coming into its own as the premier hill station of India., the Christ Church was designed to accommodate the entire Shimla congregation. Various memorials and stained glass windows fill the somber interior with colour and light.
Dharamshala: The stone church of St. John lies on a motorable road between Mcleodganj and Forsyteganj 8 Km from Lower Dharamshala (Kangra). It has a monument of Lord
Elgin, one of the viceroys of India, who died in Dharamshala and was buried.
Dalhousie: Dalhosie (Chamba) is another hill station with a number of old churches. The church near the G.P.O. looks untouched by time. It has an angular roof of inter-leafed hexagonal slates. The Catholic church of St. Francis, built in 1894, is set against a backdrop of tall pines overlooking the Subash Chowk.
77
For sheer geographical diversity, few places in the world are as richly endowed as Himachal Pradesh. Low rolling hills, just a couple of hundred meters above sea level, climb on to touch the core of the Himalaya mountains. Here lie peaks that are several thousand meters high and Never lose their perennial snows. Then, past these forbidding heights, lie the visually stunning cold deserts of the Trans Himalaya.Rivers in deep gorges and placid mountains lakes, thick forest and acres of spree, mountain sides draped in snow, and green alpine meadows, all form part of this immense spectrum. And the possibilities for wide range of adventure activities is enormous. There are day-hikes by the thousand, and trek routes follow trails that last couple of days or can even extend over few weeks. These vary
from gentle walks over easy terrain, to grueling expeditions. There is skiing, heliskiing and
ice-skating. there is the thrill of paragliding and the test of stamina with mountain-cycling. You can go camping and fishing and play golf or take a safari by car, jeep or on motorcycle.Then there is mountaineering and rock climbing. All you have to do is make up your mind
and select your own activity. No special training is required for most things, age is no consideration and all you need is reasonable level of fitness.
78
Equipment, training and instructors are available. And then, all this comes at a fraction of what it would cost elsewhere in the world.Sedentary or strenuous, for the experts or beginer, Himachal has a niche of adventure for everyone.
Golf :- At Naldera, 23 km. from beyond Shimla is one of the oldest golf courses in India. The course, whose topography is absolutely natural,
was originally placed by the British Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon, at the turn of the centuary. He was so enhanted by the spot that he named one of his daugh
-ters 'Naldera' after the spot. This is a par 68, nine hole course which is regarded as one of the most challenging in the country. In the repeat nine, the yardage some - what increases. The links are main
-tained by Himachal Tourism and accomodation is available at Hotel Golf Glade. There are other hotels
in the private sector near Naldera.Annandale, in Shimla has nine hole course managed by the army and there is another at the exquisite glade of Khajjiar, 22 km from Dalhousie and
24 km from Chamba. Putting greens are available at several resorts and hotels. Golf courses are also coming up elsewhere in the state.
Heli-skiing :- For high mountain thrills perhaps nothing can surpass the magic of heli- skiing. Under a deep blue sky, you are carried by a helicopter to a snow-draped peak. 79
And after that there is nothing except steadiely distancing whirr of rotor blades, the sky and the snow. It is a thrilling experience as you rapidly
zoom down the slopes. The icy winds slaps your face and the swiftly slithering hiss of skies remindes you that you are racing away on your own steam.The
sport is available in the area bound by Hanuman Tibba, Rohtang Pass, Deo Tibba and Chanderkhani Pass near the resort town of Manali. A major feature is the compactness of heli skiing area. A sortie of ten minutes can carry the skiers to the top of 14000 feet high slope.
Skiing :- Kufri, near Shimla is one of the oldest places in India to be associated with skiing and the slopes are still in use during winter. Above Kufri, the Mahasu ridge also has good slopes.Comprehensive facilities exist at Narkanda, 64 km from Shimla. There is a range of slopes, including a beginer's run, an advanced slope and a slalom run. Himachal Tourism offers ski courses, instruction and has equipment on hire at Narkanda.At Manali, the Directorate of Mountaineering and Allied Sports offers a variety of courses and facilities for skiing are possible in the Solang area near Manali. There are also some companies in the
private sector that offer ski courses and allied facilities.
80
Ice – skating :- The Shimla ice-skating rink has the largest open-air area with naturally frozen ice in this part of the world. The Ice Skating Club has already celebrated its Diamond Jubilee.Ice-skating
normally begins in early December and carries on to
February. Clear skies and low temperatures provide series of uninterrupted sessions. There are two sessions
every day, in the morning and in the evening. Membership is available for the season as well
as for shorter terms and even for single sessions. Skates are available at the rink. Fancy dress carnivals,
'gymkhanas' ice-hockey and dances enliven every season.
Para-gliding :- Riding the warm thermal currents of the air is perhaps the closest man has ever come to sailingthe skies as free as a bird. Almost at will,
you dip and wheel high over the hills and valleys.The bald peak of Billing, above the Buddhist monastery of Bir in Kangra, has been the venue for five national and three inter
-national hang-gliding rallies since 1984. The site is perfect for para-gliding too. And this sport is a mix of sky-diving and hang-gliding. A fairly recent sport that is steadily gaining popularity, para-gliding is possible at various places in state. Places where para-gliding is done regularly are - Bundla
Dhar near Bilaspur, in the kullu valley and at Intkali in the
Pabbar valley near Rohru in Shimla district. 81
Himachal Tourism sponsors training programmes and events at various times of the year, in different places. There is an Adventure Sports Hostel at Dharamsala (Kangra) and an Aero Sports Complex at Bir. For details of training facilities, contact sports associations or Divisional Tourism Development Officers of Himachal Tourism.
Water and river sports :- The Maharana Pratap Sagar reservoir in Kangra with its 42 km length and 2 km breadth, offers a variety of activities in close collabration with the Directorate of Mountaineering and Allied Sports.
Year long activities include swimming, water- skiing, surfing, kayaking, rowing, canoeing and sailing. Three levels of courses are conducted – beginner, intermediate and advanced. Similar activities are also available on the waters of Gobind Sagar near Bilaspur, the Chamera lake
near Dalhousie (Chamba) and the Pandoh lake on the Mandi-Kullu National Highway. River-rafting or white-water rafting as it is also called is swiftly making Himachal a focus
for the sport. For a torrent of adrenalin to gush through every vein and surge over every muscle you can race over the State's river rapids in an inflatable rubber dinghy. Sport is now being held on the Sutlej near Shimla on the Beas near Kullu, the Ravi near Chamba and Chandra in Lahaul. Possibilities are also being explored on the river Spiti. This sport takes a break during winter and during the monsons. 82
Mountain cycling:- Gear yourself for high adventure with an expedition on cycles. You can pedal your way past high passes or simply make a day-adventure. Quite literally the whole of Himachal is your playground. The tour can be coupled with camping and can be carried on for several weeks over diverse terrain. The lower regions of the State - Kangra,
Una, Hamirpur and Bilaspur offer gentle routes. Or you can streach your mind, muscle and stamina to reach out
to the Trans Himalyan tract of Lahaul, Spiti and Kinnaur. Milder but no less interesting excursions can be done out at any holiday station.
Vehicle safaries :- By jeep, car or on motorcycle you can explore the variety Himachal has to offer. By jeep,
the Trans Himalyan tract can steadily unfold their natural and man made wonders. Along one of the world's highest highways, you can drive out of Manali, cross the Rohtang Pass (3980 m) and move through arid Lahaul, you drive through the haunting landscapes of Spiti and over the Kunzum pass (4551 m), enter Lahaul. Himachal has an extensive network of roads and treks and apart from the routes mentioned above, there are several others you can traverse on. By car, driving over the more demanding routes may not be possible, but in no way does this curtail the range of experience. And motorcycles may impose some limitations, but are again a wonderful way of sharing the wonders of Himachal.
.
83
Trekking :- The main trekking areas in Himachal are the Dhauladhar and Pir Panjal ranges, routes over the passes between the Shimla region and the Kullu valley, the numerous treks out of Kullu and select tracks in the Trans-Himalyan regions of Kinnaur, Lahaul and Spiti. Most trekking areas are between 1500 metres and 6000
metres. With well over two hundred and seventy defined trails, the variation in terrain is also enormous. Low scrub-land and paths through paddy fields, give way to trails strewn with pine needles. Then come woods
of oak and flowering rhododendron, which merge into forest of Himalyan cedar - 'deodar' – and spruce. On most trails, small pastoral hamlets dot the way. Cunningly hidden between the high mountains are passes which
were once known only to migrant shepherds and dare all traders. These lead to the fabulous wastes and swift
rivers of the arid Trans-Himalya. A host of combinations and variations take the trails through changing countryside. The degree of physical output can also be changed to suit your requirements. For example, the same trek can be developed from a week to last longer. Or, the two ends of a trek can be the same, but the trails can be designed to be taxing, or gentle.There are several agencies that conduct treks. Guides, equipment, porters, pack animals and maps are available at major starting points. The old Forest 'dak bunglows' that are strategically placed along many trek routes, add a considerable measure of nostalgic
charm and convenience for trekkers. Practically all have an aura of the past, and lie nestled
84
in deep woods.
The main Tourism circuits in Himachal Pradesh are fairly well known and even remote districts like Lahaul-Spiti and Kinnaur are now coming into the tourist mainstream. Himachal has however many undiscovered spots with unspoilt charm that are worth a visit for a quiet rewarding holiday - spent amidst the splendor of nature, away from the crowds.
DISTRICT CHAMBA
• Manimahesh (4170 m) :- Accessible from Bharmaur, 35 km away. Scared to
Lord Shiva and his divine consort Parvati, the lake of Manimahesh is 35 km from Bharmaur. Past Gaddi villages and wide meadows that give way bare rock and snow fields, this tarn is a three day trek from Bharmaur via Hadsar and Dhanchha. The deep blue waters of the lake, rest at the feet of the Manimahesh Kailash Peak which is one of the mythological
abodes of Lord Shiva.
• Bharmaur (2195 m) :- Linked by road to Chamba is 65 km away. Surrounded by alpine pastures, this is the summer home of the nomadic Gaddis. At a distance of 65 km from Chamba town, Bharmaur, once known as Brahampur, was between the 6th and 10th
centuries, the capital of princely state of Chamba. 85
It is renowned for its cluster of temples - collectively known as the 'Chaurasi'. Though of varying archite-ctural designs, these temples are noted for their fine workmanship. From Bharmaur, the Kugti and Chobia passes and trek routs they offer can be approached
Other interesting places at hand the temples of Bani Mata and picturesque Khundel. There are Forest and PWD rest houses in Bharmaur.
•Bhandal valley (1730 m): Linked to Salooni (22 km) in the Chamba valley by road.The beauti ful Bhandal Valley with its wealth of wildlife is at the western extremity ofHimachal Pradesh. Appro
-achable from Chamba, it is the base for a trek routes that connect Chamba to the Kishtwar region of Jammu and Kashmir over the Dagni Dhar.
The route begins along the right bank of the river
Ravi, goes past Pukhri, down to the Siyul stream,
then rises to Salooni on the Prithvi Jor ridge to finally arrive above the valley. From Bhandal via Langhera one reaches Kishtwar. The highest point on the trek is the Padri Gali at 3049
m. There are rest houses at Sundla, Bhandal and Langhera.
•Pangi valley (2438 m): 173 km from Chamba. Locked between the greater Himalyan and Pir Panjal ranges, the wild and beautiful Pangi Valley is 173 km from Chamba. Its subdivision headquarters at Killar is located in the deep and narrow gorge of the river Chanderbhaga (Chenab). 86
The foaming river, the high crags of the gorge and the difficult terrain are a challenge for intrepid trekkers. The Sach Pass (4428 m) opens the way to several trek routes.Thick forest the habitat of varied wild life surround the Pangi Valley and the numerous side valleys – Saichu, Hunam, Sural Nallah, that are also endowed with remarkable natural beauty. The temple of Mindhal Basan Devi in Pangi is an important shrine. Appropriately, the people of Pangi are as attractive as the tract they inhabit. There is a rest house in Pangi.
DISTRICT KULLU
Inner and outer seraj:- Accessible from Kullu and Shimla by road. The Jalori and Basil passes stand as markers between the Inner and Outer Seraj regions of Kullu. Outer Seraj faces Shimla district and reaches out to touch the river Sutlej and Inner Seraj turns towards Kullu. Anni near Sutlej provides the
access point to Outer Seraj from Shimla. Some of the beautiful unspoilt spots in this area include Change, a wide meadow surrounded by thick forests and Takara
and Pane which have fine rest houses. Within Outer Seraj is Normandy known for its exquisite wood and stone temples. The 5155 m Shrikhand Mahadev Peak is a
part of Outer Seraj. Beyond the Jalori Pass the scenic splendor of the Inner Seraj area unfolds. This area has variety of trek routes. 87
Jalori pass (3134 m):- The Jalori Pass which links Inner and Outer SERAJ is 76 km from
Kullu. Its crest offers panoramic views of the area. The new pass is a man made one and was carved out of the mountain range in the early part of the Twentieth century. This is about 150 m lower than the old Jalori Pass. Surrounded by majestic forests, this area is home to the Himalyan brown bear and certain varieties of pheasant - including the Mona and Tarpon. The Shangri Rich Temple is close-by, and 5 km from the Pass is the jewel like Sloes Lake.
Shoja (2692 m):- Shoja in Inner SERAJ is close to the Jalori Pass. A charming unspoilt location of exceptional beauty over looking lush meadows and tall snow-capped ranges, Shoji is 69 km from Kullu via Aut. The Raghupur Fort and Dough Thatch, a lovely grassy meadow very close to Shoja are worth visiting.
Aut:- Aut on the mandi-manali highway is the entry point to the kullu valley where the road enters the mandi - largi gorge. Aut, the entire reservoir of the pandoh dam and largi excellent for angling. The rapids between shamshi and aut are splendid for river running.There are rest houses at aut and largi.
DISTRICT MANDI
Joginder nagar (1220 m):- Joginder Nagar is the last stop of the little toy train, that runs from Pathankot on a narrow gauge line. Accessible by road from both Palampur and Mandi. In 1925, the enterprising Raja Joginder Sen of Mandi created an elaborate hydel power scheme near the village of Sukrahatti - which was then renamed Joginder Naga8r8after
him.
After tunneling and piping the water over several kilometers from the river Uhl to Joginder Nagar, the power house at Shanan was built by a team of engineers. Joginder Nagar's attractions include the Macchiyal Lake, the Bassi Power House, Gumma and the haulage trolley. The HPTDC runs Hotel Uhl at Joginder Nagar and there are rest houses too.
Shikari devi (2850 m): It is possible trek to Shikari Devi from Janjheli and Karsog. Through woods of assorted trees and shrubs - which include several medicinal herbs - two separate trek routes lead up to this ancient shrine which crowns the top of a hill. One approach is from Janjehli and the other from Karsog. Hunters in the area once prayed to theGoddess for success in their hunt - and here, perhaps,
lies the origin
Jhantigri (2130 m): 12 km from Joginder Nagar is this enchanting spot atop a hill, surrounded by a thick
forest of deodar trees. The remains of the summer palace of the former rulers of Mandi are located here. The spot unfolds breathtaking visats of the valleys
below. There is a PWD rest house at Jhatingri.
Barot (1830 m): Just 40 km by road from Joginder Nagar and 12 km by haulage trolley, Barot packs an enormous range of outdoor activities. The reservoir of the Joginder Nagar Hydel Power Project is located here. A trout breeding centre, makes it a wonderful place for angling. Across the river Uhl is the Nargu wildlife Sanctuary -home to the ghoral,
Himalyan black bear and a variety of pheasants. 89
Tattapani (656 m): On the bank of the river Sutlej, Tattapani is approachable from Mandi via Karsog. It is also approachable via Shimla. Resting deep in a scenic valley and surrounded by high hills, Tattapani is famous for its hot sulpher springs- noted for their therapeutic powers. The HPTDC runs a lodge and there are rest houses at Tattapani.
Prashar lake (2730 m): Linked by road to Mandi. An interesting 14 km. trek is possible along a steep track from Kataula, which is easily accessible from Mandi. The beautiful Prashar Lake is located high in the mountains, 40 km north of Mandi. It is here that sage Prashar is said to have meditated. On the lake's edge is a three-storeyed pagoda-like temple dedicated to the sage. Capped with a roof of slate tiles, the temple has a wealth of wood carving. It is said to have been built by Raja Ban Sen of Mandi in the 14th centuary. An entire panorama of snowy mountain ranges is visible from this location.
DISTRICT KANGRA
Nurpur: Once a principality of Kangra, Nurpur is 24 km from Pathankot and 66 km from Dharamsala. Nurpur was known earlier as Dhameri. It achieved its peak durimg the rule of Raja Basu (1580-1613). The remains of his impressive fort can still be seen. Raja Basu's son Suraj Mal rose in rebellion against the Mughal Empreror Jehangir. After the uprising was quelled, the town of Dhameri was renamed Nurpur after Jahangir's beautiful wife, Nur Jehan. Today, apart from the fort, the
attractions of Nurpur include the Brijraj Temple
dedicated to Lord krishna. 90
•Masrur (800 m): Easily accessible by road from Kangra (40 km) and Dharamsala (42 km). Fifteen richly carved, monolithic, rock temples, dating back to the 8th century, are to
be found at Masrur, just 22 km from Ranital Railway Station. Located on a hillock that rises above a well watered and fertile tract of considerable natural beauty - they are framed by
the snow-clad peaks of Dhauldhar mountains. These shrines similar to the rock-cut temples at Ellora and Mahabalipuram, are the only monuments of this style in northern India. With rich ornamentation executed over staggering proportions, the Masrur temples brings to mind the remark that Indian temple builders "conceived like giants and had the finish of
jewelers". Images of Lord Rama, Laxmana and Sita are installed in the central shrine.
•Maharana pratap sagar: The Maharana Pratap Sagar can be approached from Pathankot via Jassur, from Chandigarh via Talwara and from Dharamsala via Dehra. The shimmering waters of the Pong Dam reservoir are clearly visible from the heights of Dharamsala. A man-made wetland over the River Beas, the lake, is the habitat of a variety of migratory birds from Siberia and Central Asia. Over 220 species of birds have been sighted here. It is also an excellent place to go fishing for mahaseer, there are numerous spots for the angler.
•Bir (2080 m) and billing (2600 m): Just 16 km from Joginder Nagar and 19 km from Baijnath, Bir is located amidst verdant fields and tea gardens. There is a large a Tibetan community and beautiful monastery here. Facing Bir is the fort of Ahju to which a trek can be made. Surrounded by an amphitheater of low hills Bir is an ideal landing ground for hang/paragliders. The road to Billing goes past Bir and climbs through thick woods. Billing,
14 km from Bir with its arena of 200 km or more for high altitude and cross country flying is an exceptional site for aero sports. An annual hang gliding festival is held at Billing. 91
DISTRICT BILASPUR
•Bahadurpur (1980 m): Close to the town of Bilaspur (40 km), Bahadurpur range towers over lesser hills of the area. A small forest of deodar and Himalayan oak that spreads over
it considerably enhances its beauty. The crest offers panoramic view and the Ratanpur Fort, Swarghat, the Fatehpur Fort, Naina Devi, the plains near Ropar and even the Shimla hills can be seen from here. The Bahadurpur Hill crowned by the remains of a circular fort which was built by Raja Keshab Chand in the 17th century.
•Swaraghat (1220 m): Swarghat is 40 km from Bilaspur on Chandigarh- Bilaspur road and 22 km from Nalagarh.
It is surrounded by low rolling hills that are draped by forests Of pine. An attractive picnic spot, it forms an interesting excursion. The shrine of Naina Devi and the Bhakra Dam
are approachable from here. The link road for Nalaragh and
Pinjor turns off from the National Highway at Swarghat.
•Gobind sagar (520 m): In 1963, the the world's highest gravity dam, the Bhakra, was dedicated to the nation. Its huge reservoir, the Gobind Sagar Lake, on the River Sutlej, extending for 90 km upto the town of Bilaspur covers an area of some 170 sq km. Its clear waters hold a variety of fish and its banks are a draw for hopeful anglers. A large range of avian life can be seen in the lake. The Gobind Sagar Lake is also emerging as a major site for boating and water sports and a wide range of facilities and training courses are
available. Every winter, the Mountaineering Institute holds a festival of water sports here.
92
DISTRICT SIRMAUR
Rajgarh (2169 m): Just 30 km from Solan Rajgarh blessed with considerable natural beauty, is an unspoilt retreat set amidst apple orchards. Its entry into the tourist circuit is relatively recent. A rest house and eating places made it convenient
Shillai: Approachable by road from Paonta Sahib and Sataun and surrounded by woods, Shillai lies close to River Tons. It is closely allied with the worship of local deities Shirgul and Gugga and is an important centre of folk culture. A trek to the 3647 m peak of Choor Chandni also called the Churdhar, loosely translated as the 'mountain of the silver bangle', can be made from here via Haripur Dhar. A trek to Chakrata in Uttar Pradesh is also
possible from Shillai.
Arki: Just 52 km from Shimla, once the capital of the princely state of Baghal. The elegant palace at Arki, picturesquely located against a wooded hillside, is famous for its Ast Bayaka frescoes, executed in the Arki Kalam style. Refurbished now, the palace is a Heritage Hotel
Nalagarh: 45 km from Pinjore in Haryana, and at the half-way point on the road to Swarghat, Nalagarh was the capital of princely state having the same name. The Nalagarh Valley is a long strip bounded by the heavily eroded range of the Shivaliks in the south and west and the spurs of the outer Himalayas to the north-east.
Around the valley are the ruins of the Surajupur Malaon, Ramgarh and Chamba forts. Nalagarh is best known for its fortified palace and its fine wall paintings. This palace, recently refurbished is now a Heritage Hotel and promises an unusual royal experience to visitors.
DISTRICT SHIMLA
Sarahan (2125 m): 171 km from Shimla, Sarahan is well connected with bus service. Taxis are also available at Shimla and Rampur. The gorgeous spectacle of the Himalayan ranges with the unspoilt pastoral loveliness of an unpretentious village, Sarahan is truly a haven tucked away in the foothills of the Himalayas. Situated in the Sutlej Valley, on way to district of Kinnaur. Sarahan was the old capital of Rampur Bushair, one of the biggest princely states in Shimla hills. The major attraction in Sarahan is centuries-old Bhimkali Temple and Raja Bushair Palace. Steeped in legend, the temple complex is a resplendent example of hill architecture. Sarahan is also the gateway to Kinnaur.
Chanshal (4220 m): This high pass that closes in October to reopen only in April, hides the fascinating tract of Dodra-Kwar, where time seems to have stood still for several centuries. From here one can descend to the Rupin River. One can also trek on via Natwar
and Panog to Haripur Dhar, include the Churdhar and loop around to Chaupal.
Chopal (2328 m): The little town of Chopal, 100 km from Shimla, has an authentic flavor of the Himachal hills, With wood and slate houses surrounded by forest of deodar tress, with high snow covered peaks in sight, Chopal has a perfect picturesque setting. This is one of the starting points of the trek to the churdhar Peak. Above Chaupal is
an old temple dedicated to Lankra Bir (Bhairon),94
and at Sarain, there is the Bijjat Temple.
There is a need to develop an entirely new tourism city equipped with all modern amenities. Rajgarh Valley in Sirmaur District is an ideal place for it because of its proximity to the Plains. This complex could be an integrated project with facilities for adventure sports, game recreation health club amusement parks, spas, film city, conference halls etc. Because of its proximity to Chandigarh, Such conferences could be organised at this place. This is an ideal place for private sector investment and on its part, government will provide all necessary assistance including procurement of land.
Major chain of facilities: The State Government also poses for investment Bilaspur-Una- Hamirpur-Kangra sector for massive investment by private sector, for land has been identified especially that adjoining the lakes in Gobind Sagar and Maharana Pratap Sagar This area is ideal for setting up of amusement parks, herbal gardens, lake resorts and floriculture. The entire belt is dotted
with numerous religious places which can be developed for the development of a major chain of facilities for use by tourist. This area is ideally suitable for adventure sports, water sports, wild life and eco-tourism.
95
•INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FACILITIES FOR TOURISTS IN
TRIBAL AREAS: The tribal areas of Himachal Pradesh are known for natural beauty and have recently been opened up to foreign tourists can visit this area in a group of four or more. There is an urgent need to provide clean international standard facilities for tourists visiting this area. This area is open for private sector investment for creation of facilities for tourists. The thousand years old Buddhist Monastery of Tabo in Spiti with its fine paintings has been declared as a world heritage site by UNESCO.
ROPWAYS AND SKI-RESORTS: Other areas which are opened for large investment, are for the development of ski-resorts, lakes and ropeways. a sky-resort can be
developed near Chanshal range, which is one of the largest ranges for skiing in the country even bigger than this ski range in Uttar Pradesh. Another beautiful area for ski- resort alongwith a couple of ropeways is the
area above Solang in Kullu Valley. This is one of the last areas for the development of a ski-resort. The State Govt. will provide all assistance in terms of clearance including forest clearance. Of course our emphasis is to develop tourism facilities in such a way so that the fragile ecology of the State is preserved ans is not tampered with. There are many identified ropeways in Himachal Pradesh. These are Kullu to Bijli mahadev
(in Kullu), Mandi to Tarna (in Mandi town), Dharamkot to Triund (in Dharamshala), Narkanda to
Hattu Peak and Tara Devi to Shimla (in Shimla) 96
which are ready for private sector investment.
Heritage properties: Himachal has an enormous range of heritage properties. Some of these are ancient forts and some of these are colonial mansions. Then there are places that belongs to an era gone by and marked opulent life style of India's Princes and then there are century old hotels. Many of heritage properties have been converted into commercial heritage property and are being developed. Big hotels chain can have a look at some of these properties are for being developed as Heritage Property. Some colonial buildings can be found especially in Kasauli and Dalhousie for their development as Heritage properties Many States like Rajasthan have developed heritage properties with the active
participation of private sector for development of these "Heritage Properties".
Adventure sports: Himachal Pradesh has excellent scope for adventure tourism. For example para-gliding, hand gliding, white water rafting, mountaineering and trekking.
There are 270 identified treks in Himachal which are utilised by domestic and foreign tourists. Trekking equipments is also made available by the department to interested tourists and regional branch of Himalyan Mountaineering Institute, Dharam shala is also playing important role in this direction. Many organised groups for example Excursion from London are also sending groups
of tourists for trekking to Himachal Pradesh.
97
CIVIL AVIATION: Civil Aviation is Very Important area for Private Sector Investment. At present the State can offer three airports for private sector participation. These airports are Banikhet in Chamba district, Paonta Sahib in Sirmaur District and Sunder Nagar in Mandi Districts. In addition the private sector is also welcome to give there offers for starting helicopter services
within and outside the State so as to improve accessibility to and within the State.
98
Himachal Pradesh has a varied topography, climate and forest cover and is endowed with a vast variety of flora and fauna. From times immemorial, this tract is known for its wilderness, landscapes, beautiful forests and wildlife. In Himachal Pradesh, out of the total geographical area of 55,670 sqkm, the forest area as per legal classification is 37,691 sqkm. At present there are 32 Sanctuaries, 2 National Parks and 3 Games Reserves
Simbalbara sanctuary :- This sanctuary is located In Paonta Valley of Sirmour District. This area bears beautiful dense Sal forests with grassy glades. This is probably the most picturesque area of Shiwaliks. There is a perennial stream in the area.
Churdhar sanctuary :- Churdhar peak, with height of
3647 metres is the highestpeak in outer Himalayas.It is like a Oasis of Alpine area in a ocean of temperate forests.This is an excellent area for trekking during summer and early winters. The view from Churdhar peak is un-paralled. One is sure to come across a large number of
multicoloured and agileMonals in the adjoining forests.
99
MANALI SANCTUARY: This sanctuary starts about
2 km from Manali town. It forms the catchment of Manalsu khad. A bridle path from Manali log huts/ Dhungri temple passes through dense Deodar, Kail, Horse chestnut, Walnut and Maple forests. Night stay in tents at Lambadug or Gallant thatch is unforgettable experience. Alpine lush green pastures and glaciers beyond Galant thatch are a romantic attraction for the enthusiastic but
enduring visitors. One may see Musk deer, Monal and Brown bear digging or ploughing the land and also pug marks with scent of Leopard or Snow leopard.
PIN VALLEY NATIONAL PARK: This National Park is situated in the cold desert of Spiti Valley. In this area visitors come across large herds of Ibex and Bharal. Snow leopard is found in this park. This area can be visited only by those who
have tough leg muscles and strong lungs. Visitors can contact Divisional Forest Officer Wildlife Division Sarahan, Assistant Conservator of Forest Wildlife Kaza or Range Officer Wildlife Tabo for
information about the park.
100
NATURE PARKS:
NATURE PARK, KUFRI: Kufri is a well known tourist resort near Shimla. A large number of tourists visiting Shimla also visit Kufri where a nature park has been established. In this park rare varieties of Hangal, Barking Deer, Musk Deer, Brown Bear, rare species of Monal and other pheasants are kept in social groupings.
NATURE PARK, MANALI: Manali is another tourist spot where a large number of visitors come. To expose visitors to the nature and to create awareness and love for wild life
it is planned to develop many other facilities at
Manali. There is a wild life sanctuary about
2 km away from Manali town. The tourists will be encouraged to visit this area and see the magnificence of nature here.
NATURE PARK, GOPALPUR: Gopalpur is a village situated near Palampur on Palampur-Dharamsala upper road. Kangra valley in Himachal Pradesh is another area where visitors come regularly. In this nature park animals will be kept in large enclosures and conservation messages will be conveyed to the visitors through audio-visual aids.
101
DAL LAKE
LOCATION: At an altitude of 1775 metres in district Kangra 11 k.m. from Dharamshala, surrounded by deodar trees, this is on the motor road to Talnu. Held sacred, this has a small shiva temple on its banks. The banks of the lake are enlivened during September by a fair attended-amongst other-by a large number of Gaddi folk.
MAHARANA PRATAP SAGAR LOCATION: Maharana Pratap Sagar is at 450 metres above sea level, 32 degrees
North and 76 degrees East, In district Kangra 170 Km from Chandigarh, 110 Km from the district headquarters Dharamshala. The closest railway stations are Mukerian- 30 Km, and Pathankot- 32 Km. The Settlements of Nagrota Suriyan and Jawalaji located on the Sagar’s periphery are connected by the charming Narrow gauge Kangra Railway Line that connects Pathankot to Joginder Nagar.
102
SURAJ TAL LAKE
LOCATION: At an altitude of 4950 metres below the Summit of the Baralacha pass in the Lahaul division of district Lahaul and Spiti The Baralacha connects Mandi and Lahaul to Ladakh and the lake which draws a considerable number of visitors - especially in
summer - lies by its head. This is the source of river
Bhaga.
KHAJJIAR LAKE
LOCATION: At an altitude of 1900 metres in district Chamba 23 k.m. from Dalhousue and 25 k.m. from Chamba. Fed by tiny streams,this small lake lies at in the centre of large Khajjiar glade.
The glade and the lake are held sacred to Khajjinag
- after whom the place is named. Khajjiar has thick forest of the Kalatope sanctury surrounding its soft green grass.
103
Set high where they lord over the surrounding countryside, or tucked in wooded nooks, or placed by elegant promenad Himachal has an enormous range of Heritage properties. These range from ancient forts that breathe of a tumultuous past, colonial mansions that speak of an age of leisure and graciousness. There are palaces that belong to a time when opulence marked the lifestyles of India's princes - and there are century old hotels that are maintained in a pristine glory, which have been painstakingly restored This spectrum offers a range of decor and ambience – and a richly varied experience. From time-worn battlements, where the very stones speak of glory and courage, you can move to a lush countryside and savor the traditions of 'haveli' life. Just as easily, you can slip into distinctive mansions where time seems to have stood still for decades and where an easy elegance wafts under the watchful weave of priceless tapestries.
Alpine heritage inn, shimla :- Restored and modified, this is a colonial bungalow that has a considerable measure of the character that marked Shimla's architecture. Period furniture and artifacts Have been tastefully blended with modern facilities.
104
The oberoi clarkes, shimla :- Towards the eastern end of Shimla's Mall, where the row
of shops ends, is the Clarkes. Its neat Tudor- framed structure with window boxes, started life in the
early part of the 20th century as theCarlton. In the
1920s, the hotel was taken over by Ernest Clarke and named after him. While over the years, major modifications have gone into the structure, it retains the character and warmth of an English country inn.
Chapslee, shimla :- With the comfortable elegance of an English country manor, Chapslee was originally built in 1835. With major refurbishing done at the turn of th century, Chapslee has a magnificent interior with
priceless artifacts. Ornate brass beds,Belgian chandeliers, drapes from the Doge's palace in Venice, delft tiled fireplaces and exquisite rugs, all combine to evoke the heyday of another age.
Even the Burma teak used in the paneling, belongs to the same shipment that was used for the interior of the Viceregal Lodge at Shimla. In time,Chapslee
became the property of Raja Charanjit Singh of
Kapurthala, whose descendants now run it as a select hotel
105
Rajmahal palace hotel, mandi :- A manor built in the colonial style-and still owned by the former ruling house of Mandi the hotel lies partially concealed from view by other buildings. With corridors lined with arms and portraits, its interior echoes another age. Striking pieces of ornate furniture appear at every turn and fill every nook and corner of the palace.
The cecil, shimla :- In the last quarter of the 19th century, at the site of the Cecil – towards the western stretch of Shimla's elegant Mall - stood the small 'Tendril Cottage'. Its most famous occupant for a 'season' in 1885, was the writer Rudyard Kipling. The estate went on to provide the location of the Cecil - which since its creation in 1902, has been a
major focus of Shimla's social life. As a guest clerk, it was here that the well-known hotelier, M.S. Oberoi started his remarkable career. The hotel which has hosted variety of dignitaries over the years, has recently been exhaustively renovated. Warm woodwork is set-off by elegant furniture and furnishings
. There is a full range of suites, rooms and facilities that are comparable with the best in the world. The hotel has the coveted classification of 'Heritage Grand'.
106
Hotels in Himachal Pradesh
The Indian state of Himachal Pradesh is set in the lap of nature. With the Himalayas running along there are the gorgeous greens, majestic mountains, limpid lakes, ravishing rivers, scintillating streams, fruit laden orchards and gentle terraces of corn and tea that add to the magic of Himachal Pradesh.
Himachal Pradesh - Tourist Attractions
On your happy holidays in state of Himachal Pradesh do visit the valley of the Gods in Kullu. Kullu is renowned for its temples, apple orchards, annual Dussehra festival and the handicrafts. The combination of the Himalayas, valleys and the Beas River make Kullu a paradise on Earth. The other hill station in the Kullu valley is Manali. Manali makes the perfect retreat for the sun-scorched souls of the plains. The beauty of the nature in Manali is bound to sweep you off your feet.
Then there is the charming and captivating destination of Chamba. Chamba is the picture perfect place with several terrific medieval temples in the lower Himalayas. The capital city of Himachal Pradesh namely Shimla is one of the most preferred tourist destinations in India. The hill station of Shimla derives its name from Goddess Shyamala who is the deity of power and wrath. The terrific tranquility and the unparallel beauty of nature make
Shimla a picture perfect spot for the tourists.The dashing destination of Dalhousie attracts several tourists through out the year. The deodars and the pines, the cottages and the villas, the gorgeous greens and the red rhododendrons make Dalhousie an excellent hill station worth visiting.
The other prime attraction of Himachal Pradesh is the town of Kangra in the Dhauladhar range. Owing to the ancient temples and the serene surroundings of Kangra tourists throng the place.The state of Himachal Pradesh has three domestic airports at Bhuntar, Gaggal, and
Jubbarhatti that connect the major cities of India with Himachal Pradesh. Places like Jogindernagar, Shimla, Solan, and Una of Himachal Pradesh are linked through railway tracks. Most of the major destinations in Himachal Pradesh are linked well though at times the road network though the snowfall and the landslides in the state hamper the flow of the vehicles.
Himachal Pradesh - Hotels
There are enough decent accommodation options in Himachal Pradesh and the scene is getting better every passing day. There are a number of star category hotels catering to the needs of tourists coming to explore Himachal Pradesh or interesting in exploring the scenic region around.
Himachal Pradesh - Hotel Reservations
Tourism of India.com will book hotels in Himachal Pradesh for you depending on the
budget you can afford. Tourism of India.com is a part of Indian Holiday Pvt. Ltd., a leading inbound tour operator to India and maintains very good professional relationship with all
the major hotel chains and independent properties in India including Himachal Pradesh. It helps us in offering you competitive hotel tariffs.
Contact details of HPTDC Hotels (Himachal Pradesh Tourism
Development Corporation)
THE HOLIDAY HOME, SHIMLA
Contact Phone.: (0177) 2812890-95, Fax : 2801705 E-mail: hhh@hptdc.in
THE SRIKHAND, SARAHAN
Contact Phone : (01782) 274234 E-mail: rampur@hptdc.in
THE HILL TOP, SWARGHAT
Contact Phone : (01978 ) 284112 E-mail: mandav@hptdc.in
THE CHAMPAK, CHAMBA
Contact Phone : (01899) 222774 E-mail: chamba@hptdc.in
THE IRAVATI, CHAMBA
Contact Phone : (01899) 222671 Fax :222565 E-mail: chamba@hptdc.in
THE PALACE, CHAIL
Contact Phone : (01792) 248141, Fax : 248140 E-mail: palace@hptdc.in
THE MAMLESHWAR, CHINDI
Contact Phone : (01907) 222638 E-mail: hhh@hptdc.in
THE YATRI NIWAS, CHAMUNDAJI
Contact Phone : (01892) 236065 E-mail: dharamshala@hptdc.in
THE LOG HUTS, MANALI
Contact Phone : (01902) 253225-26 FAX: 252325 E-mail: manali@hptdc.in
THE ORCHARD HUTS, MANALI
Contact Phone : (01902) 253225, 253226 FAX: 252325 E-mail: manali@hptdc.in
THE KUNZAM, MANALI
Contact Phone : (01902) 253197-98 Fax: 252325 E-mail: manali@hptdc.in
HADIMBA COTTAGE, MANALI
Contact Phone : (01902) 252334 Fax: 252325 E-mail: manali@hptdc.in
THE BEAS, MANALI
Contact Phone : (01902) 252832 E-mail: manali@hptdc.in
THE TOURIST LODGE, MANALI
Contact Phone : ( 01902) 252832 E-mail: manali@hptdc.in
THE ADVENTURE RESORT, RAISON
Contact Phone : ( 01902) 240516 E-mail: kullu@hptdc.in
THE T-BUD, PALAMPUR
Contact Phone : (01894) 231298, 234548 E-mail: palampur@hptdc.in
THE YAMUNA, PAONTA SAHIB
Contact Phone.: (01704) 222341, 224161 E-mail: paotna@hptdc.in
THE CASTLE, NAGGAR
Contact Phone : (01902) 248316 E-mail: manali@hptdc.in
HOTEL JWALAJI, JWALAMUKHI
Contact Phone : (01970) 222280, 222601 E-mail: jawalaji@hptdc.in
THE HAMIR, HAMIRPUR
Contact Phone : (01972) 222608 E-mail: jawalaji@hptdc.in
THE SILVERMOON, KULLU
Contact Phone : (01902) 222488 E-mail: kullu@hptdc.in
THE SARVARI, KULLU
Contact Phone : (01902) 222471 E-mail: kullu@hptdc.in
THE DEVDAR, KHAJJIAR
Contact Phone : (01899) 236333 E-mail: dalhousie@hptdc.in
THE KHAJJI COTTAGE, KHAJJIAR
Contact Phone : (01899) 236333 E-mail: dalhousie@hptdc.in
THE TOURIST COMPLEX, KALPA
Contact Phone : (01786) 226159 E-mail: rampur@hptdc.in
THE KINNER KAILASH COTTAGE, KALPA
Contact Phone : (01786) 226159 E-mail: rampur@hptdc.in
THE TOURIST INN, DEOTSIDH, SHAHTALAI, BILASPUR Contact Phone : (01978 ) 264120 E-mail: jawalaji@hptdc.in
THE LAKE VIEW, BILASPUR
Contact Phone : (01978 ) 224538, FAX : 222838 E-mail: mandav@hptdc.in
THE DHAULADHAR, DHARAMSALA
Contact Phone : (01892) 224926-27 Fax: 224928 E-mail: dharamshala@hptdc.in
THE BHAGSU, MECLEODGANJ, DHARAMSALA
Contact Phone : (01892) 221091 - 92 E-mail: dharamshala@hptdc.in
THE KASHMIR HOUSE, DHARAMSALA
Contact Phone : (01892) 222977 E-mail: dharamshala@hptdc.in
THE CLUB HOUSE, MECLEODGANJ, DHARAMSALA Contact Phone : (01892) 220834 E-mail: dharamshala@hptdc.in
THE KUNAL, DHARAMSALA
Contact Phone : (01892) 223163 E-mail: dharamshala@hptdc.in
THE GEETANJALI, DALHOUSIE
Contact Phone : (01899) 242155 E-mail: dalhousie@hptdc.in
THE BAGHAL, DARLAGHAT
Contact Phone : (01796) 248116, 248117 E-mail: hhh@hptdc.in
Business and Economy of Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh is a hilly region; hence the scope of agriculture is very limited in the state. Yet there are many places in the state where people earn their livelihood through farming, which reflects on the industry and enterprise of its people. Agriculture is the fulcrum of the business and economy of Himachal Pradesh. Agriculture accounts for 45 percent of the net domestic product of Himachal Pradesh and 71 percent of the state's
labour force are employed in agriculture. Wheat, rice, maize and barley are the main cereals being produced in the state. Seed-potato, mushrooms, ginger, chicory seeds, olives and fig are the important sources of revenue to the Himachal farmers. Apple is another major income generator for Himachal Pradesh. Fruit cultivation in Himachal Pradesh is presently yielding an annual income to the tune of Rs.30 million.
However, the development of the industrial sector in Himachal Pradesh too has been very well planned. The cool and unpolluted environment of Himachal Pradesh is very much
suitable for electronic industries, and as such many electronic complexes are dotting the state. Industrial areas have been established at Parwano, Barotiwala, Paonta Sahib, Baddi, Mehatpur, Shamshi, Nagrotu Bagwan, Bilaspur, Reckong-Peo, and Sansar Pur Tera, which are giving a fillip to the industrial climate in the state. Though the state is poor in minerals but it has abundant and uninterrupted supply of electricity. Furniture making and bamboo products industries also do have their presence in the state.
Himachal Pradesh has a tradition of producing exquisite handicrafts, which have considerable demand outside the state and country. Pasmina shawls, embroidered footwears, silver and metal ware are some of the important export-friendly items of the handicrafts industry of Himachal Pradesh.
But Himachal Pradesh has taken care to see that industrial growth doesn't trample on its pristine eco-system. The industries which have potential for air or water pollution are not given an encouraging response. Moreover, clearance of the Environment Protection Organization is necessary before establishment of any industry in the state.
Despite its inhospitable terrain, and the fact that majority of the state's populace reside in remote areas, the people of the state have overcome the odds to make Himachal Pradesh one of the most economically developed states of the union. Presently Himachal Pradesh ranks fourth among the Indian states, in terms of per capita income. It is also the only state in India to achieve the distinction of having one bank account per family.
Costumes of Himachal Pradesh
The costumes of Himachal Pradesh are colourful and diverse and they differ from region
to region, community to community, as well as from tribes to tribes. Each community in the state has its own costumes that are based on its customs and traditions.
The priests of Himachal Pradesh mostly wear dhoti, kurta, a turban, a coat or a waist coat, and a small towel that is placed on the shoulders. The Brahmin priests also carry an Indian astrological yearbook, which is known as the Panchang. Based on these books the priest makes his astrological speculations.
The Rajputs, mostly descendants of royal families, generally adorn themselves with a long and body fit churidar payjama, a starched turban, a long coat and unique shoes with pointed edges. The turban is stiffened with the help of starch and is worn with a unique shape. The turban is thought of as a matter of honour for the Rajputs. During the olden days the Rajputs used to stick to the traditional veil for their women. All the women of the Rajput
community had to venture outside in palanquins, which were heavily curtained.
The women of both the Rajputs and the Brahmins have a very similar outfit. The women of Himachal Pradesh traditionally wear long kurtas, ghaghri, salwars and cholis i.e. the blouse The farmers and the workers who have to work in fields go for the loin cloth or kurta, and a cap. They switch to long pyjamas, for attending occasions and festivals, and also for attending marriages.
However, there has been a visible change among the younger generation with more and more of them opting for westernised clothes. The most unique identity of the people in Himachal Pradesh is the hand-woven costumes, which are crafted with excellent finesse The scarves that the women wear on their heads are very popular and make significant
style statements. The specially made shoes, which are made from dried grass, are the best to keep their feet warm during the cold climate. Costumes of Himachal Pradesh are mostly woven by hand and the handlooms are very popular throughout the state.
Due to the cold, and at times harshly cold climatic conditions, shawls are also very popular among the local people as well as the tourists. The people from Himachal Pradesh are
renowned for their shawls. The shawls from Himachal Pradesh are very popular for their smooth texture, quality and finesse, and are the most stylist expressions of the costumes of Himachal Pradesh.
The Himachal crafts persons are extremely skilled in handicrafts and hence create masterpieces of art. These people, with their excellent skills, make for some of the best weavers in the world. The Himachali people are excellent at creating many beautiful art works and patterns, which is a must buy for any costume lover tourist. The beauty and smoothness of the Pashmina shawls and the soothing experience that comes from wearing it can only be felt. Manufactured from the hair of a type of goat also called Pashmina, these shawls are renowned across the globe.
ABOUT THE LANGUAGES OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
Himachal Pradesh is a land of diverse cultures, which is manifested in the number of languages that are spoken in the state. Languages of Himachal Pradesh are many. Though Hindi is the official language of the state, but there are many other languages that are Spoken in the state. Among them the prime languages of Himachal Pradesh are the Punjabi and Pahari, Dogri and Kangri. Gujarathi is also spoken in the western parts of the state
Pahari is one of the most common and most spoken languages of Himachal Pradesh. It is derived from the ancient Indian language of Sanskrit. Nearly all the basic words in the language are taken from Sanskrit. Many of the words are also taken from another ancient language of Prakrit. Due to the settlement of many different types of tribes, different tribal languages have also flourished in the state. The languages may also differ from region to region. There are many other regional languages like Kinnauri, Lahauli, Chambyali, Pangwali, which are spoken in the state.
Hindi: Hindi is the official language of India and is also the official language of the state of
Himachal Pradesh. Derived from the ancient Indian language of Sanskrit, this language is the most spoken language in the country.
Punjabi language: Punjabi is a language that traces its roots to the Indo-Aryan languages, and is spoken mainly by the Punjabi community in India and Pakistan and all around the world. In Himachal Pradesh also Punjabi is being spoken, and the credit goes to the Punjabi speaking tribal people who went on to inhabit the central and western parts of the state.
Pahari language: The Pahari language is basically spoken in the hilly regions of northern India. There are a number of different types of dialects that come under this language. The Pahari language or the Pahari languages as they are known, is a group of similar dialects that are spoken at the foothills of the Himalayan ranges, in the northern parts of India and Nepal. The Pahari languages are classified under central Pahari, eastern Pahari and western Pahari. The language has one more classification known as Garhwali. Languages like Dogri and Gaddi are classified as Garhwali.
The following is a list of languages that are spoken in the state of Himachal Pradesh. Kumaoni, a dialect spoken in Kumaon region
Palpa Garhwali Mahasu Pahari Bhadrawahi Dogri Hinduri Churahi Gaddi Chambaeli Kullu Pahari Pangwali Bilaspuri Kinnauri Jaunsari Sirmauri
However, many of the languages spoken in various parts of the state are very similar to each other, and have very small differences in them.
CUISINES IN HIMACHAL PRADESH
Himachal is a cold land where the upland climate dominates. That is why the cuisine of Himachal Pradesh is modified in the manner that it provides heat and energy to the people, to the maximum. Due to the cold weather meat is preferred by all. But in the different
region of the state, the cuisine differs. Rice, Paddy and maize is the basic food of people, but the use of spice is liberal and dominant. Boasting of uniqueness, the cuisine of Himachal Pradesh is typically a mix of Punjabi and Tibetan culture. However, due to its location in the Himalayas, you will always find an influence of the the geographical and climatic
conditions on the cuisine. The average Himachal kitchen churns out all sorts of meat, lentil
and cereal preparations.
So do not spend time thinking! Travel to Himachal Pradesh to take a famous cuisine tour to bask the unique foods that you will not enjoy anywhere else in the world. Take a Himachal Pradesh holiday and enjoy the cuisine of the state irrespective of whether you are in a five star hotel or among the creepers of Pine wood.
Everyday Delicacy That Marks its Zenith in Himachal Pradesh
The day to day food of the Himachali is much similar to any of the north Indian. A
typical everyday meal will include the usual Daal – Chawal – Sabzi and roti (the common north Indian meal of rice, lentil broth, dish of vegetables and bread), with sometimes non vegetarian creeping in the menu list. The main preparation of food includes the locally grown coarse grains like buckwheat, millet and barley. In the Himcahali food, the use of
spices like cardamom, cinnamon, cloves and red chillies is in vogue. Nasasta is a sweet meat of the Kangra region.
Due to the highland culture, that encourages cattle rearing, a wide variety of milk products too are consumed. Tea is also an indispensable part of Himachal food, as the ways and types of tea preparation method practiced by the people, is vast. The list of popular food in Himachal Pradesh is endless. Besides, the traditional food, one can also find the prevalence of South Indian as well as international cuisine in Himachal Pradesh, while momos and pastas are consumed with equal delight. Enjoy popular cuisine tours of Himachal Pradesh to enjoy the most famous food in Himachal.
The Most Popular Hiamchal Pradesh Food - Stuffed Capsicums
Veg or Non Veg – Himachal Has All
Green vegetables that was not very popular among Himachali people earlier, is becoming significantly important. Some of the most important dishes that are ubiquitous with everyday meal are Maahni (urad dal prepared with dried mangoes) or Madra (lentils made with yoghurt) while Indra is a dish prepared of urad dal and bada and is cooked in the
Shimla district. However, every area seems to have evolved its own version of these recipes. Some of the other vegetarian specialties are Pateer, Chouck, Bhagjery and Chutney of til. Another options is the snacky food like Bhatoora and Chana Madra, that too serve as an all time favorite.
However, non vegetarian is preferred, due to the dripping temperature. The most celebrated non vegetarian cuisine of Himachal Pradesh is the Kullu Trout and Chicken Anaardana. On your Himachal Pradesh tours do not forget to enjoy the mouth watering and wonderful cuisine of Himachal Pradesh.
Festive Meal of Himachal Pradesh
The best time to enjoy Himachal Pradesh cuisine is during the festivals, when the conventional cooking methods are taken over by mouth watering and elaborate culinary delight. Dham, is a traditional festive meal, that is cooked only by botis (a particular stream of chefs who are brahmins). It is an elaborate meal and the preparation begins a night before. It starts with rice, moong dal and a dish of Rajma cooked in yoghurt. This is followed by Boor ki Kari and a dark lentil. This elaborate cuisine ends with the mittha of sweet rice.
Besides Dham, there are other preparations that are famous during the festive
season. You should try the Ankalos, that are made of rice flour while Aktori, a kind of cake, is prepared by mixing leaves of buckwheat with wheat flour in the dry areas of Lahaul and Spiti. Then, there is Patande which is a type of pancake dish, an exclusive of Sermur region of Himachal Pradesh.
Hospitality of Himachal Obscures it All
More than the food of the state, what will entice you to fall in love with Himachal Pradesh are the people, that are ever welcoming. Do not be surprised or baffled if you are called by a casual acquaintance to visit their home – as it is the land of the most hospitable people. The culture of the state does not allow people to leave home without eating and if in case you
are in hurry do not feel flabbergasted if you find some eatery being stuffed in your bags.
News For Your Use
Of recent, the Himachal Pradesh government has taken an initiative to attracts tourist to the state by organizing cuisine festivals, at regular intervals. Since its flagship in May 2006, the Himachal Tourism offers delicacies from different states of India by holding cuisine festivals from Kerala, Bengal, Gujarat, Punjab and other parts.
This festival will be held all over the state promoting different cuisines. The most important aspect is that the Tourism Department will not just care for the palate but will also give a chance to the tourists to bask a glimpse of the culture identity of that particular state. Apart from food various puppet and magic shows are also organized at various cities, where tourists enjoy every minute of their stay.
Come to Himachal Pradesh to experience the food options like no other. Enjoying a meal while picnicking around the lakes and streams or just pop some munching delights in your mouth while strolling the Himachal bazaars aimlessly – the delight is unparalleled.
ANALYSIS OF DATA
Himachal Tourism – A SWOT analysis
1 Strengths
2 Weaknesses
3 Opportunities
4 Threats
An analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT):
1.) STRENGTHS:
1. One of the rare places in the world offering five distinct seasons, thus having potential to attract tourist inflow round the year;
2. Political and Social stability;
3. Recognized as a peaceful and hospitable State;
4. Salubrious climate;
5. Pollution free environment;
6. Offers a rare conglomerate of eco-tourism, pilgrimage, adventure, culture, heritage, leisure, wilderness etc.;
7. Fairly good infrastructure;
8. High literacy;
9. Rich history and heritage that has something to offer to all. Its Buddhist monasteries, which are of thousand years of old, ancient temples, churches and cemeteries;
123
2.) WEAKNESSES:
1. Negligible air and rail link in the State;
2. Inadequate flow of foreign tourists;
3. Non-disbursal of tourists round the year, putting severe strains oncivic infrastructure during the peak season;
4. Lack of trained tourist guides at important tourist places and historical tourist sites;
5. Saturation at the established tourists destinations;
6. No new major tourists destination has come up recently;
7. Lack of adequate parking places at important tourist places;
8. Poor marketing of the State abroad and inadequate marketing within the country;
9. Very little budget;
10. Problem of land acquisition;
124
3.) OPPORTUNITIES:
1. Strong potential for activity based tourism such as white water rafting, Para-gliding, trekking, mountaineering, water sports, mountain biking, Car Rallies etc.;
2. A strong base for heritage tourism to attract persons from all walks of society and religious beliefs;
3. To develop an ideal destination for nature lovers by promoting eco-tourism;
4. Create synergy between heritage and pilgrimage tourism;
5. Development of wetlands of the State to attract nature lovers especially bird watchers;
6. Promote the State as an open university and learning centre in mythology, anthropology and ornithology etc.;
7. Position it as an ideal destination for the film industry;
8. Himachal has something to offer to persons of all ages, groups, beliefs and interests.
There is unlimited scope for development of varied tourist packages;
9. Himachal can become one of the leading adventure destinations in the world;
10. Promote wilderness tourism for lovers and seekers of nature, peace and quiet.
125
4.) THREATS:
1. Tremendous strain leading to collapse, at times, of civic amenities at leading tourist destinations during the season;
2. Haphazard growth & construction threatening the environment, especially at the leading tourist destinations;
3. An alarming growth of concrete structures creating a disharmony with the local environment;
4. Unscrupulous commercialization of tourism could erode the social and cultural values;
5. Aggressive competition amongst the leading tourists States and a strong promotion of tourism by other States;
6. Lack of coordinated strategy by the different Government Departments;
7. A large increase in volume and limited increase in value;
8. Poor garbage/ waste disposal posing threat to the environment.
126
RECOMMENDATIONS
• Himachal must be able to provide hotels to cater to all segments of the society. It must market its camping facilities more and ensure that they are safe to use. Packaged tours balso have to be marketed.
• It must open avenues for business opportunities, could be tourism related itself, and cash on its vast religious backdrop.
• Railways must be given a boost so that long distance travel becomes easy. Low cost airlinesand helicopter services also can be used to reach the inaccessible regions depending on the climatic conditions.
• Entertainment facilities must be provided in order to ensure a longer stay by the tourists. They must have a unique thing to take back with them.
• Newer sources of communication like the internet must be used effectively to influence and advertise.
• Family entertainment facilities must be developed. More playgrounds and parks must be made. Schools can also be targeted for excursions.
• Create new planned tourist destinationsspots from the unexplored regions Which must be opened up atleast in the peak months.
• Basic infrastructural facilities have to be developed further. Roads need to be improved.Parking space must be provided.
127
• Himachal emporiums across India must be able to act as agents for promoting Himachal tourism.
• Basic necessities must be provided. Water availability has to be catered to. A diverse range of culinary must be provided to cater to the wants of tourists from various places across India and the globe.
• Shopping facilities need a boost. Shopping malls can be opened up.
• Exploitation of tourists by locals must be minimized.
• Information must be available to tourists at all places.
• Eco-tourism must be developed and promoted. Facilities for higher education must be improved.
• Local culture and handicrafts must be promoted. Congestion in popular tourist spots must be dispersed.
• It can attract more movie makers since it is endowed with scenic spots. A film city could also be built for this purpose.
• Insurance could be available to tourists, especially for adventurers.
• Private participation in developing tourism must be given a boost.
128
•Melas and festivals must be held so as to include the tourists.
•Rope cars, skiing and other facilities can be provided.
•Orchards and forests may be promoted as tourist picnic spots.
•International cricket matches and other sports could act as marketing agents to tourism.
•Celebrity endorsements could help to market tourism.
•More advertising in media, magazines, etc are needed.
•Guided tours could be improved and promoted.
•Cleanliness and environmental sustainability must be taken care of.
•It could endorse vacations for prize winning lotteries.
•Role of government and travel agents needs to be emphasized.
•Keeping all the stakeholders in mind, a sustainable strategy is needed.
129
STRATEGY
Tourism Sub Plan:
There is no denying the fact that the total budget with the Department
of Tourism is less in comparison to the other tourism-oriented States in the country. Tourism is one industry, which is linked with all development departments. Under their normal programmes, they are required to meet the infrastructure demands for promotion of tourism. What is needed to mechanise and accelerate the activities of the tourism department is to integrate and coordinate with the departments like PWD, Urban Development, I&PH, Health, Horticulture, Forest, Power etc, If properly coordinated, this is likely to yield good results and the deficiency of budget can be surmounted. The government would take steps to manage the funds in such a way that the tourism related departments will be asked to pool their resources with regard to such schemes which will be monitored at the level of Chief Minister through the Tourism Department Board. In addition to the above the TSP will include the budget of the Tourism DevelopmentBoard / Department as well as the private investment likely to flow in through public private.
Infrastructure development:
Infrastructure development Demand driven tourismInfrastructure in Himachal Pradesh has come up in some of the major tourist destinations like Shimla, Manali, Dalhousie, Mcleodganj, Kasauli and Chail. With rapid increasing tourist influx and expending hotel accommodation in these areas, the civic infrastructures are under serious strain. The State Government therefore proposes to upgrade the civic infrastructure in the above towns on priority. The funds raised by the Tourism
Department/TDB through GOI under their various schemes will also be used to strengthen this area. Private investment in infrastructure will be welcomed with open arms. Priority areas will include setting up of hill stations, spas and resorts , ski slopes,airports, tourist centres, multiplexes, parking areas, entertainment centres, amusement parks ,ropeway , golf course, 4/5 Star Hotels, standardized budget accommodation etc.In service like tourism, availability of skilled work force is essential for delivery of professional services of the highest order. The Government will invest in human resource development so that the managerial and technical skill is made available with the State .Presently the State has one Food Craft Institute cum Hotel Management Institute at Kufri. The Department will endeavor to open FCI’s one in Kangra District and another in Kullu.
New Marketing Strateg:- In order to bring the State on to the international tourist map and to increase the inflow of the tourists the following actions will be taken up for strengthening the marketing
strategy of the State:
1. Creation of ‘Destination Himachal Funds’ which will be a joint effort of Tourism
. Development Board, the major Temple Trusts and the private sector.
2. Printing of new brochures, posters and other tourist literature.
3. Developing 10 minutes, 20 minutes tourism films in order to telecast in the electronic channels and also display during the tourism fairs/ marts.
4. Up-gradation of Information Centres. These centers will not only provide information but also provide booking facilities for HPTDC & Private Hotels for reservation of accommodation/ transportation, cloakroom etc.
5. Installation of touch screen kiosks with full information about the State at important international airports/national airports and railway stations of the country.
6. Participation in leading national and international tourism fairs. In this the private sector
will also be involved so put up a unified ‘Destination Himachal’ campaign’.
7. Organization of tourism events in the State particularly during the off season in order to attract the large number of tourists.
8. Providing information about the state through modern means like website, e-mail, around the clock toll free tourist assistance, and helpline etc.
9. Release of advertisements in the electronic and print media.
10.Organize familiarization tours of the leading tour operators of the country and overseas in the State.
11. Conduct of buyer- seller meets.
12. Professional guides to be trained and encouraged .
13. Signage’s of the international class will be installed on the national, state and at the
important tourist highways and stations.
Himachal, because of its natural scenic beauty attracts several film makers for shooting of films, TV serials etc. Presently they have to seek permission for shooting from various departments. The government proposes to declare Commissioner22 cum-Director Tourism
as the sole authority for granting all type of permissions related to film shootings and the fee thus be collected by the Tourism department could be further remitted to the concerned department. In addition to this the department will invite investment from private parties for setting up of the film cities, studios and hiring of filming equipment etc. for which govt.
land could be provided on ppp basis. Pro active action would also be taken to attract film shooting parties to Himachal.
Improving connectivity: Connectivity whether by road, rail of air is of essence if tourism has to grow. Presently the State has three existing airports at Jubbar Hatti, Bhuntar and at Gaggal. These airports are being upgraded for landing of a larger capacity aircrafts. The airport at Pathankot is also being opened for the use of civilians where Boeing will land. This will give a big boost to tourism to the State especially to Kangra and Chamba regions. The Government has also taken up the matter regarding setting up of an International airport near Sundernagar. Operating more affordable flights into Himachal
would not only promote travel tourism but also make viability for the aviation companies to start heli-taxies services in the State. Helicopter taxi services would extend the reach of higher end tourists to soak in the delights of culturally and geographically rich hinterland of Himachal. The State has 55 helipads available for the services.The State Government is also making efforts for the introduction of more special trains from various destinations in the country upto Kalka and Pathankot.The network of national and state highways is also being strengthened for all tourist destinations.
The state government shall also seek to provide safe, economical and reliable transport within the state as well as across state boarders. The government shall also evolve a mechanism to simplify the collection of taxes and levies so as to facilitate the unhindered movement of tourist in the state.
Strengthening of Tourism Development Board:- The State Government has set up a Tourism Development Board under the chairmanship of Hon’ble Chief Minister to formulate policy guidelines for development and promotion of Tourism Industry in the State and to advise the State Government on matters regarding regulation and licensing in the Tourism Industry. Efforts will be made to increase the resources of the Board so that the Board can carry out various developmental and other tourism promotional activities. The income of the Board will be built up through the user changes levied being level by Tourism Deptt., income from PPP projects, lease money, income from Tourism Councils etc. The Board will generally undertake improvements in the tourist areas, provide assistance to the Department of Tourism and to the Tourism Development Councils. The Manali model of collection of green fee from tourists will be replicated in other major tourism destinations. The funds so clleected will be scrutinized for 10/15 years and sizeable Tourism Master Plans created and implemented in time bound manner.
Private sector investment:- In order to attract investors, it is necessary to simplify the procedures to facilitate genuine investors. The projects where forest/revenue clearances are needed will be dealt on priority within a specified time not exceeding 90. In order to promote rural tourism and to give incentive to the entrepreneurs, luxury tax will be exempted for units up to five rooms.
In addition to this, the electricity and water charges will also be reduced to give fillip to investment in tourism projects in rural areas. This incentive will be provided to the promoters for a period of 10 years from the date of their commercial operation. The Government will consider assigning the task of Luxury tax collection on the pattern of collection to the Tourism Department of State Road Tax (SRT) in Transport Department. The funds so collected by the department shall form part of the resources of the Board.Single window clearances for tourism projects on the pattern of the single system
.Industries Department has been made applicable. The suitable Government land either through land bank or otherwise available in the State will be transferred to the Tourism Department, which will be further leased out to the private entrepreneurs strictly on the oen competitive bidding basis.
Effective regulation:- The State Government has passed the H.P. Registration Tourist Trade Act, 2002. It calls for inspection and checking of the hotels, travel agencies against over charging, sub standard service etc. The Government proposes to carry out the inspection work by delegating necessary powers and also by involving the Hotel Associations. The Tourist Police in the State will be strengthened concept of by placing a cadre of 500 police and home guards personnel who will be trained for regulating tourism related activities. They will be provided with special uniforms/distinguishing mark and will assist the tourist.
The Tourist Information Centres will be manned apart from the Deptt /TDB staff by the students of Hotel Management Institute and MTA( University).
The State government will take steps to ensure proper hygienic conditions and to prevent the exploitation of tourists on national and state highways and at tourist places. The Government proposes to classify the dhabbas situated on the National and State highways. The classification will be done on the basis of facilities provided, hygienic condition, quality of the food, availability of toilets, parkings etc. The government will encourage ethnic
Himachal cuisine in these dhabbas. Similarly all the Tourism Units in the State will be classified as per facilities provided so that the tourists get their value for money. The Hotel Associations will be actively involved. To promote excellence in tourism, the government will institute monetary and non-monetary awards for institutions and individuals for their outstanding contribution in various sectors of tourism like; accommodation, catering, transport, travel agency, eco-friendliness, cleanliness etc. This scheme will be administered by a State level committee consisting of experts, representatives of the tourist trade and government officers.
THRUST AREAS
In order to achieve the policy objectives indicated above the Department / Board has identified thrust areas for action and follow up some of which are as follows:-
Rural Tourism
The fruits of tourism must percolate down to the rural areas in order that it is truly sustainable and responsible. For this the Deptt / Board proposes that of Rural Tourism villages are identified and notified by the Deptt. The precondition for declaring these as RT villages would be that they must predominantly have traditional architecture and an MOU would be signed with the Panchayat that this would be maintained .The villagers may modify their houses internally but they must maintain their traditional outer façade. o For
the sake of easier marketing these villages must be near to the existing tourist centre which will also ensure dispersal of tourist to the rural areas and promote decongestion. o These would be dovetailed with the Govt of India Ministry of Tourism Scheme under which funding is available up to Rs 5 lacs This would be used to create infrastructure like roads , streets, drainage, lighting, parking ,bus stand, water supply ,sanitation , tourist reception centre , rural museum, open air theatre , parks , nature trails,crafts bazaar etc This could also be funded from the Deptt / Board funds.
In such notified villages there would be no luxury tax or commercial rates for electricity up to 5 bed room home steads.
The existing schemes of the Deptt would be reviewed and efforts would be made to provide funds for renovating the homesteads and providing grant /loans to the weaker section of the society .The Deptt would actively work with the Deptt of Rural Development and nationalised banks for tying up in this regard.
The government proposes that in these home steads Himachali/ local food will be served. Linkage would be sought to promote local handicrafts and cultural toupes
The procedure for registration of village tourism guest houses shall be simplified and adequate publicity given to the facilities available.
The above scheme would be made applicable mutus mutandi to Heritage and Orchard tourism.
The State has a number of old palaces, forts, havelies and other beautiful buildings in rural areas which if properly developed could become important tourist destinations themselves. The Government shall encourage the development of such sites for use as tourist accommodation and such new heritage hotels located in rural areas shall be exempted
from the luxury tax for a period of five years.
The Government would endeavour to associate the Archaeological Survey of India and private sector in the development of such sites.
Shimla evokes memories linked to the Raj, the freedom movement and in more recent times events such as the ‘Simla Agreement’. A monumental testimony to the times of the Raj are buildings like the Viceregal Lodge, which now houses the Indian Institute of Advanced Study , the Gaiety Theatre and more than a hundred other heritage buildings. Tourism
Deptt./ Board will endeavour to preserve these heritage buildings including
churches and graves and promote nostalgia tourism linked to the colonial and freedom struggle era.Apple and orchard tourism is also an area of focus as in the Distts of Shimla , Kinnaur , Kullu and parts of Mandi Distt traditional farm houses could be converted into home steads wherein the tourists could enjoy the beauty right from apple blossom to harvesting. Apple Festival celebrated annually would be continued with active involvement of the Horticulture Deptt and the Hotel Association.
The Deptt./Board will co-ordinate with the watershed/livelihood related projects like Mid- Himalaya Watershed Dev. Project funded by World Bank so that rural/eco tourism can be furthered in these project areas.
Eco Tourism:-Himachal offers a new era of nature enjoyment and learning. It also provides visitors an excellent exposure to the temperate forests. This makes it an ideal area for developing eco-tourism activities like jungle safaris, trekking, rock climbing, forest trails, nature walks, angling (esp. golden mahaseer and brown trout), camping etc.. All these activities are to be conducted in a manner that promotes awareness of the environment and helps maintain the ecological balance.
The eco tourism projects being predominantly situated in forest lands are technically under the Forest Deptt. which has already formulated an Eco Tourism policy in consultation
with the Tourism Deptt. under this Ecotourism Societies have been established on CBET (Community Based Eco-Tourism basis) to cover the Great Himalayan National Park (Kullu), Himalayan Nature Park (Shimla), Renuka Wildlife Sanctuary (Sirmour) and Potter’s Hill Van Vihar (Shimla).
The Government will harness the tourism potential of forests in the state by
developing camping sites with basic infrastructure facilities and other public convenience services. A nominal fee shall also be determined by the Government for the use of camping site for the maintenance and for the conservation of these forests. The private parties shall be encouraged for setting up of such camping sites on erwerorment friendly basis. The Government will endeavour to open forest rest houses for the tourists through the society
.These would be run on community based eco tourism tenets or through public private partnership with companies with good track record of working in Eco - tourism.
Wildlife Tourism: It is an integral part of Eco Tourism . Himachal Pradesh has a varied topography, climate and forest cover and is endowed with a vast variety of flora and fauna
.At present there are 32 Sanctuaries, 2 National Parks and 3 Game Reserves. The sanctuaries include Simbalwara (Sirmour), Churdhar, Chail (Solan), Maharana Pratap Sagar
(Kangra) Manali (Kullu), Kanwar (Kullu), Kalatop Khajjiar (Chamba) and Daranghati (Shimla). The National Parks are Pin Valley National Park, Spiti and the Great Himalayan National Park, Kullu; the Nature parks are at Kufri (Shimla), Manali (Kullu) and Gopalpur (Kangra). The Tourism Deptt proposes to work actively with the Wild life Wing of the Forest Deptt to further develop and improve wild life parks/zoos, bird watching towers and other public utility services for the facility of the tourists. A reasonable fee shall be determined by the Government for use of such parks/zoos for its maintenance.
Development of Lakes and wetlands: It is also part of eco tourism .The State Government will make special efforts to make natural and man made lakes as important tourist destinations. Steps will be taken to maintain and enhance their beauty by undertaking development in an integrated manner. Facilities for water sports in Maharana Pratap Sagar, Chamera and Gobind sagar will be developed to International standard and national and international level events will also be organised to popularize these destinations. Maharana Pratap sagar will be developed as a world class water sports destination with the financial assistance of
the Central Government in order to develop activities like water sports, angling, bird watching, setting up of house boats, development of artificial beaches etc.. The Government will also encourage the private sector to set up houseboats and operate shikaras in the Maharana Pratap Sagar. Improvement of the forest rest houses will also be carried out in the area and will also be made available to the tourists in order to accommodate them.
Pilgrimage Tourism:- Himachal has emerged as an important pilgrim destination. A largenumber of religious tourists visit sacred shrines of Himachal Pradesh through out the year. A large number of religious places for people of almost all religions are situated in the State. The State Government propose to develop wayside/civic amenities, parkings, landscaping and beautification around the temple, Sulabh Shauchalyas, drinking water, garbage disposal etc. at these religious places in coordination with the temple trusts on the lines of Vaishnoo Devi Trust. During important festivals special measures will be taken up for the safety and security of the tourists like setting up of information centres, tented colonies to accommodate tourists and to deploy special Tourist Police Force on the lines of Vaisnoo Devi As a deliberate policy the Deptt / Board will make efforts to integrate
the important temples of Himachal with Vaishnoo Devi in J&K or the Chaar Dhaam in Uttaranchal. The Deptt. / Board will work in coordination with the Deptt of Language Art and Culture and also the Temple Trusts so that Tourist information centres are established in all the major temples and run by the temple trusts.
Adventure Tourism:- The Tourism Deptt./ Board will make comprehensive adventure tourism promotion plan for the State and shall lay down the regulatory framework for enforcement of safety standards. For the promotion of adventure sports, the department
/Board will impart training in different sports to the youths. International competitions in such sports will be organised for attracting participants not only from the country but also from the abroad in coordination with the Deptt. of Sports. The Tourism Deptt / Board will support all efforts to promote and set up adventure sports schools at various locations in order to train more youths inParagliding, Rafting, WaterSports, Angling, Sking, Mountaineering, Motor Sports etc. in coordination with the WHMI Manali and the State Level Associations. The Deptt / Board will help the WHMI in setting up more Sub Centres in the State to take adventure tourism the hitherto unexplored places. It will assist in training the local youth in adventure tourism so that they also benefit through employment
& other means. Similarly it will work at tandem with Forest Deptt and the Eco Tourism
Societies to meet the above ends
The State was the first and continues to be the only State, which has heli-skiing in the country. This attracts foreigners and quality tourists with paying capacity to some of the best powder-snows that the world can offer. The experience in this venture has been very positive despite the initial apprehensions about possible disturbances to the environment
and fauna. It is proposed to expand the concept of heli-skiing by introducing activities like heli-trekking and cross-country skiing. Conventional skiing and setting up of more ski lifts and ski resorts in the public private partnership will be a major thrust area.
The Chanshal range beyond Rohru which has great potential will specially be explored. The State started promoting paragliding from 1984 onwards. Himachal is now the leading States in the country in this field. Bir Billing in Kangra , Solang and Marhi in Kullu , Bilaspur , Kasauli etc will continue as important centres for the sport. More areas will be explored and opened up with the objective of providing a source of livelihood to the local youth. The Bir Billing Pre World Cup Event will continue to be an annual event. A paragliding School will be opened at Dhelu. Bir Billing will be developed over the years into a top class paragliding destination internationally on self financing basis with the local community benefiting the most. The Tourism Deptt in tandem with the WHMI and other adventure sports operators
will encourage mountaineering expeditions internationally Similarly Trekking and adventure sports activities will be undertaken on large scale through WHMI on sustainable basis especially during the holiday season for school and collage students.
The Deptt / Board will continue to hold annual events of as many adventure sports activities as possible through their respective associations – paragliding, river rafting ,sailing, mountain biking , endurance events , marathons , motoring events , vintage car rallies (biannually) etc. The objective is that eventually all these events must become self
sustainable. One of the major aims in this area will be to get the latest technology in the field of adventure sports in terms of equipments and know how be it skiing / ropeway projects, water sports or paragliding .All PPP projects in this field of adventure tourism will have this as a necessary precondition.
Promoting Unexplored Himachal :- The main tourism circuits in Himachal are fairly wel known and even remote districts like Lahaul-Spiti and Kinnaur are now becoming popular destinations to relax and unwind. Himachal also has many undiscovered spots with unspoiled charm that are worth a visit for a quiet rewarding holiday spent amidst the splendour of nature away from the crowds. The State Government will made special efforts to develop unexplored destinations with the assistance of Central Government, to improve the sanitation, roads, parkings, toilets, accommodation, beautification and land scaping of tourist interest places, wayside amenities etc. Efforts will be made to keep these new areas neat and clean and only limited construction will be allowed, so that these areas may not become over saturated and the construction so allowed will preserve the architecture and ecology of the State.Some of these areas include:
o Lahoul o Spiti o Kinnaur o Jhanjheli o Jot Chamba o Rajgarh
o Chindio Barot o Rohru Chansal o Sarahan and Bashal Dhar
Ever since the opening-up of tribal/border areas of Himachal Pradesh to foreigners, the number of domestic and foreign tourists visiting these tribal areas has increased manifold. Lahaul-Spiti and Kinnaur districts have emerged as important destinations. Yet compared to the potential it is just a trickle. These areas being enormously rich in culture the effort
would be to invite culturally conscious tourists who enjoy the quality and difference of experience.
Preservation of the cultural uniqueness of these areas therefore will remain the prime concern of the Government. The Government will only allow such construction, which preserve the architecture and ecology of the area The private sector will continue to be encouraged to set up guest houses for which subsidy will be provided form the State budget. Tented accommodation will be encouraged with local participation so that
maximum benefits accrue to the local economy The centuries old monasteries are also being upgraded where foreign tourists show lot of interest.
Tourism Councils will be set up under the Tourism Act 2000 in these areas so that some fee is charged from the trekkers /tourists the proceeds of which will go to the local Panchayats for the maintenance and upkeep of the tourism related infrastructure and for regulating tourism on sustainable basis. The Deptt. will take up the opening up of Tribal / Border areas further so that the present restrictions on travel in the inner line areas is removed. The Manali Leh route which has already become a favourite for both domestic as well as international tourists will be further improved in coordination with the Govt of J & K and efforts would be made to link it to the Buddhist Circuits of Shimla – Kinnaur- Spiti – Udaipur -Pangi andPalampur -Dharamshala-Dalhousie.
Health Tourism:- There is tremendous scope to set up spas, health resorts, recuperative centres etc. all over the State. Himachal Pradesh has an enormous wealth of medicinal plants. Herbal Gardens, Herbal Trails will be developed as tourist attractions The Tourism Department /Board in collaboration with Department of Indian System of Medicine, Department of Ayurveda and Forests will organize such tours which will further develop
awareness and interest about medicinal plants amongst the school children and tourists. The Government also proposes to develop spa /health resorts in association with the private sector at various locations in the State. The Government will also harness the potential of Panchkarma and start it in a big way in the State in order to attract large number of tourist
for Panchkarma treatment. Training the youth in Panchkarma will be undertaken through the Deptt .of Ayurveda who will then be employed in spas and health resorts.
.
POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Realizing the potential that tourism offers, the State government has striven to develop this sector as a major source of employment generation without disturbing ecology and environment. The State government seeks to transform the State into a "destination for all seasons and all reasons" and increase the share of Tourism in the State Domestic Product to
15% by 2020.GoHP has formulated “Tourism Policy of Himachal Pradesh 2000” which has been revisedin 2005 and “Policy on Development of Ecotourism, 2001” to promote
economically,culturally and ecologically sustainable tourism in Himachal Pradesh and generation ofemployment opportunities. The policy also endorses private sector participation in tourismto generate employment and providing new infrastructure. The objectives of the policy are:
• To establish HP as a leading tourist destination in the country and abroad;
• To make tourism a prime engine for economic development;
• To encourage sustainable private sector participation in creation of tourism infrastructure
• To promote environmentally sustainable tourism;
• To attract quality tourist and increase their stay;
• To safeguard natural and manmade heritage; and
• To position HP as a one stop destination for adventure tourism
Go HP has enacted Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development and Registration Act 2002 to promote tourism and regulate tourism activity. Under the Act, every tourism unit including
hotels, resorts, motels, restaurants and bars, amusement parks, golf courses etc, travel agent
or a guide, adventure sports operator are required to have registration with Tourism
Department
GoHP has established Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Board under Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development and Registration Act, 2002. The Board is chaired by Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh. The functions of the Board include:
1. Formulate policies for development and promotion of tourism industries in the state;
2. Development of new tourist destinations and undertake improvement in the tourist areas;
3. Promote private sector participation; and
4. Mobilize investments for development of infrastructure and destination
Go HP has constituted Tourism Development Council for Shimla and Manali under Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development and Registration Act, 2002. The functions of Tourism Development Council are
1. Provide and maintain tourism related services;
2. Assist the local body in maintaining infrastructural facilities at tourist spots;
3. Build and maintain tourism and recreational facilities which may enhance the tourism value of the area;
4. Prepare tourism master plan for area; and
5. Maintain and operate a tourism destination fund
The Council can also raise the resources for development of infrastructure and facilities by way of fees, cess etc. However, Tourism Destination Fund has yet not been established
for Shimla Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation (HPTDC) established in
1972 has been mandated to develop tourism infrastructure and extending tourists facilities in state of Himachal Pradesh. It provides tourism services including accommodation with on line booking facility, catering, transport etc. In Shimla, HPTDC is responsible for
1. Development of Tourism Infrastructure;
2. Operation and Maintenance of Lift; 3. Information Kiosk
ISSUES AND CONCERNS
• Shimla has become more of a weekend tourism destination with bag packers adding stress to existing strained infrastructure without contributing much to the economy. The origin survey conducted by Tourist Economic Survey Report 2002 indicates that more than 38% tourist origin from neighboring Punjab, Haryana and Delhi
• Due to lack of adequate air connectivity, international quality tourism infrastructure and tourism activities, Shimla lacks high-end tourism with higher revenue potential. The foreign tourist constitutes only 3.4% of the total tourist flow to Shimla
• Presently, the duration of stay is very low limited to 1.35 days. This is due to lack of enough tourism activities/options for various category of tourists
• Except for road connectivity, Shimla lacks adequate rail and air connectivity for promotion of tourism
• About 80% of the tourists coming to Shimla are using own vehicles demanding parking
• facilities. The survey conducted with tourists indicated that the locating parking facility forvehicles is the major hassle in the town. The inadequate parking and water supply are major constraints faced by the tourism service providers in attracting tourists
• Lack of basic infrastructure especially water supply is the constraint in giving permissions for development of new tourism infrastructure like theme parks, resorts etc
• Limited vertical accessibility to Mall area due to restricted roads for old and disabled tourist
• Lack of trained tourist guides who can promote history, culture and heritage of Shimla
• Tourism economy in Himachal Pradesh shows fluctuation and depends on the law and order situation in neighboring Jammu and Kashmir. Also, competing facilities in neighboring Uttranchal is threat to tourism in HP
VISION AND GOALS
•“Engine of Sustainable Economic Growth for Shimla”
Indicator 2006 2011 2016 2021
Description 2006 2011 2016 2021
High End Tourism
(in Lakhs) 0.6 2.64 8.0 24.6
Duration of Stay
(in Days) 1.35 2.5 3.5 3.5
THE GROWTH IN TOURIST ARRIVALS SINCE 2002, IS SHOWN IN THE FOLLOWING CHART BELOW:
PROJECT INFORMATION SHEETS of Himachal
Pradesh
01. Project Title: Development of Nature Park at Craignano
Project Description: GoHP has proposed the Nature Park at Craignano. The 40 bigha land available with GoHP has been transferred to Forest Department for the proposed project. The project shall include-
Arboretum Nursery
Vermi-composting Demonstration Plan Open air amphitheatre
Greenhouses Garden Café
Picnic pavilion Administration and education building
Project Benefits: -
Ex-situ conservation of endangered and rare species of Himalayan flora- Awareness generation, education, research-
Recreation and tourism
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 1500 Lakhs
Revenue Sources : Entrance Fee, Souvenir Sale, Nursery
Implementation Structure : The project shall be implemented by Forest Department
Financing Mechanism : Capital cost to be financed by Forest Department using funds to raised through grant under JNNURM and loan; O&M Cost to be recovered from revenue stream of Nature Park
Time Frame: Project Development : 2007-2008; Implementation 2008-2009
Institutional Responsibility: GoHP
Preparatory Activity for Implementation: Preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
02. Project Title: Upgradation of Naldhera Golf Course to International
Standard
Project Description: Naldhera Golf Course established by Lord Curzon 1905 is a heritage property managed by HPTDC. The golf course is located at an altitude of
2200 m. is unique Himalayan golf course with huge natural glade surrounded by a thick cedar forest. The golf course characterized by undulating fairways, elevated tees, greens nestled between massive trees has potential to become major international golfing destination. In order to attract high end tourist, GoHP intends to upgrade the golf course to international standards The upgradation of golf course shall include - Extension to 18 holes-
Project Benefits: -
Attraction for high end tourism- Improvement of economy of the city
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 500 Lakhs
Revenue Sources : Green Fees/Membership Fees
Implementation Structure : The project shall be implemented by Tourism Department and HPTDC
Financing Mechanism : Capital cost to be financed by HPTDC using funds to raised through grant under JNNURM and loan; O&M Cost to be recovered from revenue stream of Golf Club
Time Frame: Project Development : 2007; Implementation : 2008
Institutional Responsibility: GoHP and HPTDC
Preparatory Activity for Implementation: Preparation of layout plan by Golf
Designer/Architect and Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:- Promotion and marketing of the Golf Course in international market
Additional Studies:
03.Project Title: Development of Theme Park
Project Description: The theme park which will promote Himachali culture is envisaged on line of Choki Dhani in Rajasthan
Project Benefits: -
Promotion of Himachali culture and art - Helps in sustenance of tourism economy
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 500 Lakhs
Revenue Sources : Entrance Fee, Souvenir Sale, Food and Beverage
Implementation Structure : The project shall be implemented by Tourism Department through Private Sector Participation
Financing Mechanism : Capital cost to be financed by Private Sector while GoHP may provide the land on lease; O&M Cost to be recovered from revenue stream of Theme Park
Time Frame: Project Development : 2007; Implementation : 2008
Institutional Responsibility: GoHP and Private Sector
Preparatory Activity for Implementation: Project Development for inviting private sector
Related Programme, Plan and Policies: Additional Studies:- Identification of land for project and detailed feasibility study
04. Project Title: Upgradation of Ice Skating Rink
Project Description: Shimla has the only natural ice-skating rink in India, which was established by British in 1920. The ice-skating rink is one of the major tourist attractions in
Shimla. An Ice-skating Carnival arranged every year in January by Ice-skating Club is famous for fancy dress competition andice hockey. GoHP has proposed to upgrade the Ice Skating Rink
Project Benefits: -
Recreation and tourism- International quality skating rink facility for promotion of winter sports
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 1000 Lakhs
Revenue Sources : Entrance Fee, Skate Rentals, Coaching Fee
Implementation Structure : The project shall be implemented by HPTDC
Financing Mechanism : Capital cost to be financed by the GoHP and HPTDC using funds to raised through grant under JNNURM and loan; O&M Cost to be recovered from revenue stream
Time Frame: Project Development : 2007; Implementation :2008
Institutional Responsibility: GoHP and HPTDC
Preparatory Activity for Implementation: Preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
05.Project Title: Upgradation of Information Centre
Project Description: Presently HPTDC is operating two tourists information centers on Cart Road and Mall Road and also provides online system for information and accommodation booking. It is proposed to upgrade the Tourist Information Centre which shall include -
Upgradation of information system - Provision of helpline-
Upgradation of Tourist Information Centre on Cart Road to 24X7- Establishment of Tourist Information Centre at new ISBT
Project Benefits: -
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 500 Lakhs
Revenue Sources: advertisement rights
Implementation Structure: The project shall be implemented by HPTDC
Financing Mechanism: Capital cost to be financed by the GoHP and HPTDC using funds to raised through grant and loan; O&M Cost to be recovered advertisement rights
Time Frame: 2009
Institutional Responsibility: GoHP and HPTDC
Preparatory Activity for Implementation: Preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:
06. Project Title: Beautification of Shimla
Project Description: The proposed beautification of Shimla shall include - Lighting of heritage buildings -
Establishment of water fountains, seating benches etc
Project Benefits: -
Improvement in aesthetics of the city- Impetus to tourism
Approx. Project Cost : Rs. 1000 Lakhs
Revenue Sources: advertisement rights
Implementation Structure : The project shall be implemented by HPTDC
Financing Mechanism : Capital cost to be financed by GoHP and HPTDC using funds to raised through grant under JNNURM and loan; O&M Cost to be recovered advertisement rights
Time Frame: 2012
Institutional Responsibility: GoHP and HPTDC
Preparatory Activity for Implementation: Preparation of DPR
Related Programme, Plan and Policies:
Additional Studies:- Preparation of Master Plan for beautification
SITUATION ANALYSIS
The places of tourist attraction in Shimla include The Ridge, The Mall, Jakhoo Temple, Sankat Mochan Temple and Kufri Ski Slopes. About 1822059 tourists traveled to Shimla in Year 2005, of which about 3.4% constituted foreign tourists. The strategic location and natural setting of Shimla attracts huge domestic tourists. The average stay of tourist in Shimla is about 1.35 days.
The trend of tourist inflow to Shimla is presented in Figure
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 1. SEQ Table \* ARABIC \s 1 1 Growth of Tourist
Inflow to Shimla
Year No. of Tourists% Growth
Domestic Foreign Domestic Foreign
1998 898993 13515 - -
1999 943503 19188 5% 42%
2000 1038975 24225 10% 26%
2001 1136063 31022 9% 28%
2002 1227710 37860 8% 22%
2003 1309635 44400 7% 17%
2004 1597246 55382 22% 25%
April- July is the peak tourist season with about 55 % of total tourists visiting the city. From December onwards tourist inflow again accelerates due to coming up of snow and related winter adventure sports.
Table STYLEREF 1 \s 1. SEQ Table \* ARABIC \s 1 2 Snapshot of Tourism
Industry in Shimla
DescriptionQuantity Quantity
No. of Hotels and Guest Houses 350* No. of Restaurants 68
No. of Rooms 3699
Bed Capacity 7599
Travel Agencies 208
Tourist Guides 270
SECTORAL INVESTMENT PLAN
S.NPROJECTS PROJECT COST[1] INVESTMENT SCHEDULE
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1. Upgradation of
Naldhera Golf
Course 500 - 500 - - - -
2. Development of
Nature Park at
Craignano 1500 - 1000 - 500 - -
3. Development of
Theme Park 500 - 500 - - - -
4. Upgradation of
Skating Rink 1000 - 1000 - - - -
5. Beautification
of Shimla 1000 - 200 200 200 200 200
6. Ecotourism
Projects 1000 - 200 200 200 200 200
7. Upgradation of
Tourists
Information Centre 500 100 200 200 - - -
8. Promotion 200 50 50 50 50 - -
9. Studies and
Project 400 200 200 - - - - Developmen t
Total 6600 350 3850 1150 450 400 400
HIMACHAL PRADESH TOURISM STATISTICS
Himachal Pradesh tourism statistics -
Total number of tourists in HP in 2007: 72 lakh (720,000) [CNEI Jan 07]
Increase of foreign tourist inflow from 2005 to 2006 in HP: 20% [CNEI Jan 07]
Target for foreign tourist inflow from 2006 to 2007: 18% [CNEI Jan 07]
Number of domestic tourists in HP 2003 or 04: about 5 million (50 lakh) per year
[HT May 2004]
Number of foreign tourists in HP 2003 or 04: about 150,000 (1.5 lakh) per year
[HT May 2004]
Early season tourist influx in HP (NOT full year), from Jan 1st till apr 30th for each year listed: 1999: 519,866 domestic and 6,259 foreign
2001: 521,869 domestic and 8,171 foreign
2003: 673,914 domestic and 8,501 foreign (acc to Hindustan Times 16 May 2004)
Average tourist population in the Kulu Valley in summer: 50,000 (2003)
Number of foreign visitors to the Kulu Valley: 35,000 annually
Contribution of tourism income to the state revenue in HP: around 5 billion Rs annually
(acc. to Hindustan Times 12 May 2004); or around 2 billion Rs annually
(acc. to HindustanTimes 22 February 2004)
contribution of tourism to Himachal Pradesh's state domestic product: 2 %
HPTDC tourist facilities in Himachal: 53 hotels (including 963 rooms & 2,052 beds), 60 restaurants and cafes, 25 luxury coaches, 1 Tata Sumo.
HPTDC = Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation. Many of these assets are now up for privatisation.
Hotels in HP registered with the tourism department: 1,512 (with a bed capacity of 32,302)
Registered hotel beds in Manali: 14,000 (2003)
Number of vehicles from outside HP entering Manali: over 1,000 vehicles daily during peak season (May and June 2004)
Number of visitors to Rohtang Pass (HP) in peak season: at least 10,000 daily
(jun 2004)
Number of vehicles driving up to Rohtang Pass (HP) in peak season: over 2,000 vehicles daily (jun 2004)
Himachal Tourism's (rather naive!) advertising slogan 2004: High on Himachal
CONCLUSION
The more one thinks of the idea of how the entire tourism policy is not focused on the customer – tourist, the greater is the clear realisation of why we are failing to attract him. In the way, we have become obsessed with “tourism” but forgotten the “tourist”. It appears we want him so that our need for economic development is satisfied, while he can manage with just some good views of nature. There is an immediate need to focus on the tourist, find out what he needs, and make arrangements to provide it.
• Amend Himachal Pradesh Land Laws to bring I entrepreneurship, technology, and capital.
• Himachal Pradesh government to move out of tourism as a business activity, and shift to become a facilitator.
• Set up Himachal Pradesh tourist authority to oversee police, accreditation, standardisation and certification procedures.
• There should be clear, unambiguous, and objective targets laid down for achievement, backed up with a milestone-based strategy for implementation. This study has proposed a draft objective and strategy statement, and the same can be suitably modified.
• Currently, tourism has a narrow focus on the development of the state. This must be reoriented along marketing lines, and clearly target the tourist as a customer. The satisfied tourist will automatically look after the state’s economy.
SIGNIFICANCE
•WHY I HAVE CHOOSE THIS TOPIC?
•My concept is behind to choose this topic is to describe the natural beauty of himachal pradesh.
•To aware people towards himachal Pradesh tourism.
•And also to get the deep knowledge about himachal pradesh tourism.
•To show the culture,religion and richness of himachal pradesh.
•.
•IMP. OF HIMACHAL PRADESH TOURISM AS A STUDY
•It will give the perfect and accurate knowledge about himachal pradesh.
• tourism.it also help to guide the tourist place in himachal pradesh.
•In that the information about himachal pradesh culture,religion,fair and festivals re to be gather.
•It also show the popultion,growth rate,sex ratio and the economy of the himachal pradesh.
•Why the religion part is so rich.
•In that the mouth watering food of himachal pradesh is also describe.
•BENEFICIARY OF THE STUDY
•Those who read this project they can get knowledge about himachal pradesh. tourism . If anybody want to go there the can make a plan easily according to the project to understand where they want to go.
•And it is also useful for secondary data for those who research on this topic.
•In that the method of gathering of data is easy so everybody can go through without an1y67
problem.
Review of literature
A thorough study was done on information available about tourism from various research papers, journals and literature. The literature surveyed can be classified as shown below:
• Tourism marketing
• Sustainable tourism
• Tourism trends
• Other related articles
• News articles
01. One interesting article is by Rakesh Kapoor.in his ‘Measures To PromoteTourism In Himachal’ gives various methods and suggestions to improve tourism inHimachal According to him, each tourist place in the world, whether it be Switzerland or Kerala, have over the years developed a BRAND NAME for themselves. While Switzerland is known for its European Splendour, Kerala is known as God’s own country. In fact, Himachal is Switzerland of India. However, it requires to be marketed smartly, especially when Uttaranchal is competing with Himachal.
Objectives of the Study
• To analyze Himachal tourism using the Porter’s model.
• To analyze perceptions and satisfaction of tourists to Himachal Pradesh.
• To develop customer profiles of tourists.
• To develop some strategies to develop tourism in Himachal Pradesh.
168
Scope of the Study
• The study is confined to the development and marketing of tourism in Himachal Pradesh.
• The study analysis responses provided in the questionnaires by the tourists who have visited Himachal Pradesh.
• The study analyses perceptions, preferences, satisfactions of respondents.
02. R.N. Batta ‘Tourism and the Environment’ [‘ISBN: 8173871108’ Year :
2000 ‘Edition : First ‘Pages : 248’] Binding : Hardcover .
Objectives
(a) To establish Himachal Pradesh as a leading tourist destination in the country and abroad.
(b) To make tourism a prime engine for economic development and prosperity of the State and as a major means for providing employment.
(c) To attract quality tourist and to increase their stay in the State.
(d) To safeguard the State’s natural and manmade heritage.
03. Annamamalai university ‘B.sc hotel management and tourism’ ‘second year’ part three
169
METHODOLOGY
To Study the Culture, People and Tradition of Himachali People. Then From that to get the unexplored tourist place. To try these place understand for the first time visiting for there. Then asked the question there Agency and people are working for the places Then
analysis the survey and draw conclusion.
• I have to adopt the Methodology.
• Field Study
• Making of the Questionnaire.
• Collection of the Data’s from Primary as wall as Secondary sources.
• Use of the Internet.
• Using of Libraries
• Visiting of Himachal Pradesh.
I read your Interesting and awesome blog.
ReplyDeleteHotels in Manali